TABLE OF CONTENTS
ABSTRACT. ii
TABLE OF CONTENTS. iv
CHAPTER ONE. 1
INTRODUCTION. 1
1.1 Background to the Study. 1
1.2 Statement of the Problem.. 3
1.3 Objectives of the Study. 4
1.4 Research Questions. 5
1.5 Research Hypothesis. 5
1.6 Significance of the Study. 6
1.7 Scope of the Study. 6
1.8 Limitations of the Study. 7
1.9 Organization of the Study. 7
1.10 Definition of Terms. 8
CHAPTER TWO.. 11
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE. 11
2.1 Introduction. 11
2.2 Theoretical Review.. 11
2.5 Summary of Literature Review.. 19
CHAPTER THREE. 20
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY. 20
3.1 Research Design. 20
3.2 Population of the Study. 20
3.3 Sample and Sampling Technique. 21
3.4 Instrumentation. 21
3.5 Data Collection Procedures. 22
3.6 Method of Data Analysis. 22
3.7 Ethical Considerations. 24
CHAPTER FOUR. 26
DATA ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION. 26
4.1 Preamble. 26
4.2 Socio-Demographic Characteristics of Respondents. 26
4.3 Analysis of the Respondents’ Views on Research Question one: 30
4.4 Testing Hypothesis. 43
4.5 Discussion of Findings. 46
CHAPTER FIVE. 49
SUMMARY OF FINDINGS, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS 49
5.1 Summary of Findings. 49
5.2 Conclusion. 50
5.3 Recommendations. 51
REFERENCES. 53
APPENDICES. 58
APPENDIX I: RESEARCH QUESTIONNAIRE. 58
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background to the Study
Mental health is critical to overall well-being, particularly among university students who face particular stresses and challenges throughout their academic careers. According to the World Health Organization, mental health is defined as "a state of well-being in which a person recognizes his or her abilities, copes with the normal stresses of life, is able to work productively and contribute to his or her community" ( WHO, 2021).
Mental health awareness has gained widespread attention worldwide, including in Nigerian universities. Auerbach et al. (2018) as cited in Udam et al. (2024) highlights that the prevalence of mental health problems among university students is a growing problem worldwide. Research shows that this group is particularly vulnerable to depression, anxiety and stress. These problems are often caused by students' academic, social and personal challenges, which can affect their mental well-being.
In Nigeria, the situation is more complex due to cultural, social and economic factors that influence perceptions of mental health and the way people seek help. According to a study by Adewuya et al. In 2016, university students in Nigeria suffer from anxiety and depression at higher rates than the general population. Yet there is often a lack of awareness of mental health issues and the resources available to support them.
The provision of counseling services in educational institutions has long been recognized as an essential component of holistic student development (Gysbers & Henderson, 2014). Counseling programs provide the foundation for academic success (Asikhia, 2010; Kayode & Ayodele, 2015). The term “counselling” broadly refers to the process of meeting the needs of students in various developmental areas, such as academic, professional, and personal.
According to experts, counseling programs should be comprehensive, preventative and developmental, as they are essential in addressing the various difficulties that students face during their academic career (Ladson-Billings, 2004). These programs are designed to provide students with the resources and support they need to deal with and overcome any challenges, be they social, emotional, personal or academic. By helping students set and achieve their educational goals, counseling programs lay the foundation for a successful future.
Academic advisors assist students with course selection, time management, and study techniques, and provide important advice that leads to academic excellence (Lee & Choi, 2011). However, many students suffer from stress, anxiety and depression during their school years (Ogunyemi et al., 2020). Academic stress, financial difficulties, and social isolation can exacerbate these problems (Adeyemo, 2021). To help students overcome these obstacles and promote a more positive, healthy college experience, counseling services are essential.
Additionally, counseling plays a key role in raising mental health awareness through educational initiatives and workshops. By organizing seminars, outreach programs, and peer education sessions, counseling centers can disseminate important information about mental health, coping strategies, and available resources (Obi et al., 2022). Moreso, by encouraging people to seek treatment when needed, these counselling programs not only educate students but also reduce the stigma associated with mental health issues (Ajiboye & Adetunji, 2021). In the Nigerian environment, where cultural beliefs can contribute to reluctance to discuss mental health publicly, this proactive approach to mental health awareness is particularly important (Ibrahim et al., 2023).Top of FormBottom of Form
1.2 Statement of the Problem
Despite the increasing recognition of mental health issues among university students in Nigeria, significant gaps remain in the effective delivery of counseling services and mental health awareness initiatives. Many students face a myriad of stressors, including academic pressures, social isolation, and financial challenges, which can lead to heightened levels of anxiety and depression (Ogunyemi et al., 2020). However, counseling services are often underutilized due to factors such as stigma, lack of awareness about available resources, and insufficient training among counselors (Ajiboye & Adetunji, 2021). This underutilization hinders students from receiving the necessary support to navigate their mental health challenges, ultimately impacting their academic performance and overall well-being.
Moreover, there is a pressing need for comprehensive mental health education and outreach programs within Nigerian universities. Many institutions lack structured frameworks to promote mental health awareness, leading to a culture where mental health issues are overlooked or stigmatized (Ibrahim et al., 2023). Consequently, students may not seek help until they are in crisis, which complicates their ability to cope effectively with stressors. This highlights the critical role that counseling services must play in both providing direct support to students and fostering an environment conducive to open discussions about mental health, thereby addressing the pressing need for improved mental health awareness and support systems in Nigerian universities.Top of Form
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1.3 Objectives of the Study
The main objective of the study is to examine Exploring the Role of Counseling in Promoting Mental Health Awareness in Nigerian Universities. Specific objectives of the study are:
- To assess the current level of mental health awareness among Nigerian university students.
- To examine the role of counseling services in promoting mental health awareness and reducing stigma in Nigerian universities.
- To identify the challenges and barriers faced by counseling services in promoting mental health awareness in Nigerian universities.
1.4 Research Questions
To guide the study and achieve the objectives of the study, the following research questions were formulated:
- What is the current level of knowledge and understanding of mental health issues among Nigerian university students?
- How do counseling services in Nigerian universities contribute to promoting mental health awareness and reducing stigma among students?
- 3. What are the primary challenges faced by counseling services in reaching students and addressing their mental health needs in Nigerian universities?
1.5 Research Hypothesis
The following research hypothesis was developed and tested for the study:
Ho: Counseling services have no significant effect on promoting mental health awareness among students in Nigerian universities.
1.6 Significance of the Study
The study is important for many reasons. The following are the major stakeholders this paper through its practical and theoretical implications and findings will be of great significance:
Firstly, the paper will benefit major stakeholders and policy makers in the Guidance and Counselling sector. The various analysis, findings and discussions outlined in this paper will serve as a guide in enabling major positive changes in the industry and sub-sectors.
Secondly, the paper is also beneficial to the organizations used for the research. Since first hand data was gotten and analyzed from the organization, they stand a chance to benefit directly from the findings of the study in respect to their various organizations. These findings will fast track growth and enable productivity in the organizations used as a case study.
Finally, the paper will serve as a guide to other researchers willing to research further into the subject matter. Through the conclusions, limitations and gaps identified in the subject matter, other student and independent researchers can have a well laid foundation to conduct further studies.
1.7 Scope of the Study
The study is delimited to University of Calabar. Findings and recommendations from the study reflects the views and opinions of respondents sampled in the area. It may not reflect the entire picture in the population.
1.8 Limitations of the Study
The major limitations of the research study are time, financial constraints and delays from respondents. The researcher had difficulties combining lectures with field work. Financial constraints in form of getting adequate funds and sponsors to print questionnaires, hold Focus group discussions and logistics was recorded. Finally, respondents were a bit reluctant in filling questionnaires and submitting them on time. This delayed the project work a bit.
1.9 Organization of the Study
The study is made up of five (5) Chapters. Chapter one of the study gives a general introduction to the subject matter, background to the problem as well as a detailed problem statement of the research. This chapter also sets the objectives of the paper in motion detailing out the significance and scope of the paper.
Chapter Two of the paper entails the review of related literature with regards to corporate governance and integrated reporting. This chapter outlines the conceptual reviews, theoretical reviews and empirical reviews of the study.
Chapter Three centers on the methodologies applied in the study. A more detailed explanation of the research design, population of the study, sample size and technique, data collection method and analysis is discussed in this chapter.
Chapter Four highlights data analysis and interpretation giving the readers a thorough room for the discussion of the practical and theoretical implications of data analyzed in the study.
Chapter Five outlines the findings, conclusions and recommendations of the study. Based on objectives set out, the researcher concludes the paper by answering all research questions set out in the study.
1.10 Definition of Terms
1. Mental Health Awareness
The understanding and recognition of mental health issues, their impact on individuals and communities, and the importance of seeking help. This includes educating students about mental health disorders, their symptoms, and available resources.
2. Counseling
A professional relationship aimed at facilitating personal growth and coping strategies. In the context of universities, counseling services provide support for students dealing with academic stress, emotional challenges, and mental health concerns.
3. University Counseling Services
Institutional programs or departments within universities that offer psychological support, guidance, and resources to students. These services typically include individual counseling, group therapy, workshops, and mental health awareness campaigns.
4. Stigma
The negative attitudes and beliefs that society holds toward individuals with mental health issues. Stigma can prevent students from seeking help and can lead to isolation and discrimination.
5. Peer Support
A form of assistance where individuals with shared experiences offer emotional and practical support to one another. In universities, peer support programs can help raise awareness and reduce stigma around mental health.
6. Mental Health Literacy
The knowledge and understanding of mental health concepts, including the ability to recognize mental health issues, seek appropriate help, and engage in preventive measures. Higher mental health literacy contributes to better mental health outcomes among students.
7. Crisis Intervention
Immediate and short-term assistance provided to individuals experiencing a mental health crisis. In university settings, crisis intervention may involve counseling services responding to emergencies, providing stabilization, and connecting students to ongoing support.
