Table of Contents
ABSTRACT.. 2
CHAPTER ONE.. 6
INTRODUCTION.. 6
1.1 Background to the Study. 6
1.2 Statement of the Problem... 7
1.3 Objectives of the Study. 9
1.4 Research Questions. 9
1.5 Research Hypothesis. 10
1.6 Significance of the Study. 10
1.7 Scope of the Study. 11
1.8 Limitations of the Study. 11
1.9 Organization of the Study. 11
CHAPTER TWO.. 14
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE.. 14
2.1 Introduction.. 14
2.2 Theoretical Review.. 14
2.3 Conceptual Review.. 16
2.4 Empirical Review.. 19
2.5 Summary of Literature Review.. 21
CHAPTER THREE.. 23
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY.. 23
3.1 RESEARCH DESIGN.. 23
3.2 SAMPLING.. 23
3.3 DATA COLLECTION.. 24
3.4 DATA ANALYSIS.. 25
3.5 ETHICAL CONSIDERATIONS.. 25
3.6 LIMITATIONS.. 25
CHAPTER FOUR.. 26
DATA ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION.. 26
4.1 Preamble. 26
4.2 Socio-Demographic Characteristics of Respondents. 26
TABLES BASED ON RESEARCH QUESTIONS.. 31
4.3 Analysis of the Respondents’ Views on Research Question one:. 31
4.5 Discussion of Findings. 43
CHAPTER FIVE.. 45
SUMMARY CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION.. 45
5.1 Summary of Findings. 45
5.2 CONCLUSION.. 47
5.3 RECOMMENDATIONS.. 48
REFERENCES.. 49
Research Questionnaire: Insecurity and Transportation Problem in Nigeria (A Case Study of Lagos-Ibadan Expressway). 52
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background to the Study
Nigeria, a country of vast diversity and potential, grapples with a multifaceted challenge that undermines its socio-economic development: the confluence of insecurity and transportation issues. This intersection poses significant hurdles to the nation's progress, impacting both urban and rural areas alike. Insecurity, ranging from insurgent activities to banditry and communal clashes, not only jeopardizes the safety of citizens but also disrupts the smooth functioning of transportation networks crucial for economic activities. This introductory discourse seeks to delve into the intricate relationship between insecurity and transportation problems in Nigeria, highlighting the implications and exploring potential strategies for mitigation.
In recent years, Nigeria has witnessed a surge in insecurity, with various regions experiencing heightened levels of violence and instability. The activities of insurgent groups like Boko Haram in the northeast, ethno-religious conflicts in the Middle Belt, and the menace of banditry in the northwest exacerbate the already fragile security landscape. Such insecurity not only instills fear among citizens but also deters investors and disrupts the flow of goods and services through transportation routes.(Akande, 2020; Ibeanu, 2019).
Moreover, transportation infrastructure in Nigeria faces a myriad of challenges, ranging from inadequate road networks to underdeveloped rail systems and inefficient maritime facilities. The combination of poor infrastructure and security threats amplifies the difficulties faced by commuters and businesses alike. For instance, attacks on highways impede the movement of goods, leading to supply chain disruptions and increased costs of goods and services. Similarly, the fear of insecurity discourages passengers from utilizing public transportation, further straining the already burdened system. (Adeyemo, 2018; Adeyemi & Olaniyi, 2020).
The ramifications of insecurity on transportation extend beyond economic repercussions to encompass social and developmental implications. Inaccessible transportation routes hinder access to essential services such as healthcare and education, particularly in remote areas. Furthermore, the lack of secure transportation options disproportionately affects vulnerable groups, including women and children, who face increased risks during travel. Addressing these interconnected challenges requires a holistic approach that integrates security measures with efforts to enhance transportation infrastructure and services.(Ikeanyibe, 2020).
1.2 Statement of the Problem
The intertwining challenges of insecurity and transportation in Nigeria constitute a complex and pressing issue that severely impedes the nation's socio-economic development. Rampant insecurity, characterized by insurgent activities, ethno-religious conflicts, and widespread banditry, engenders a climate of fear and instability across various regions of the country (Akande, 2020). This pervasive insecurity not only jeopardizes the safety and well-being of citizens but also undermines the functionality of transportation networks crucial for economic activities and social cohesion (Ibeanu, 2019). Furthermore, inadequate transportation infrastructure exacerbates the problem, as poorly maintained roads, underdeveloped rail systems, and inefficient maritime facilities hamper the movement of goods and people, exacerbating the vulnerabilities posed by insecurity (Adeyemo, 2018).
The nexus of insecurity and transportation issues manifests in myriad challenges that significantly hinder Nigeria's progress. Attacks on highways disrupt the flow of goods and services, leading to supply chain disruptions and increased costs, while the fear of insecurity deters passengers from utilizing public transportation systems, exacerbating congestion and straining an already burdened infrastructure (Adeyemi & Olaniyi, 2020). Additionally, the lack of secure transportation options exacerbates social inequalities, particularly impacting vulnerable groups such as women and children, who face heightened risks during travel (Aderinto, 2019). Addressing this multifaceted problem requires a comprehensive approach that integrates security measures with efforts to improve transportation infrastructure and services, thereby fostering a conducive environment for sustainable development and prosperity (Ikeanyibe, 2020).
1.3 Objectives of the Study
The main objective of the study is to examine Insecurity and transportation problem in Nigeria. Specific objectives of the study are:
- 1. To understand the impact of insecurity on specific modes of transportation.
- 2. To analyze the economic consequences of transportation insecurity.
- To explore potential solutions to improve security in transportation.
1.4 Research Questions
To guide the study and achieve the objectives of the study, the following research questions were formulated:
- How does the perception of insecurity differ among users of road, rail, and air transportation in Nigeria?
- How does insecurity in the transportation sector impact the cost of goods and services in Nigeria?
- How can collaboration between transportation companies and security agencies improve safety on roads, railways, and airways in Nigeria?
1.5 Research Hypothesis
The following research hypothesis was developed and tested for the study:
Ho: There is no statistical significant relationship between Insecurity and transportation problem in Nigeria.
1.6 Significance of the Study
The study is important for many reasons. The following are the major stakeholders this paper through its practical and theoretical implications and findings will be of great significance:
Firstly, the paper will benefit major stakeholders and policy makers in the Transport sector. The various analysis, findings and discussions outlined in this paper will serve as a guide in enabling major positive changes in the industry and sub-sectors.
Secondly, the paper is also beneficial to the organizations used for the research. Since first hand data was gotten and analysed from the organization, they stand a chance to benefit directly from the findings of the study in respect to their various organizations. These findings will fast track growth and enable productivity in the organisations used as a case study.
Finally, the paper will serve as a guide to other researchers willing to research further into the subject matter. Through the conclusions, limitations and gaps identified in the subject matter, other student and independent researchers can have a well laid foundation to conduct further studies.
1.7 Scope of the Study
The study is delimited to Lagos_ibadan expressway. Findings and recommendations from the study reflects the views and opinions of respondents sampled in the area. It may not reflect the entire picture in the population.
1.8 Limitations of the Study
The major limitations of the research study are time, financial constraints and delays from respondents. The researcher had difficulties combining lectures with field work. Financial constraints in form of getting adequate funds and sponsors to print questionnaires, hold Focus group discussions and logistics was recorded. Finally, respondents were a bit reluctant in filling questionnaires and submitting them on time. This delayed the project work a bit.
1.9 Organization of the Study
The study is made up of five (5) Chapters. Chapter one of the study gives a general introduction to the subject matter, background to the problem as well as a detailed problem statement of the research. This chapter also sets the objectives of the paper in motion detailing out the significance and scope of the paper.
Chapter Two of the paper entails the review of related literature with regards to corporate governance and integrated reporting. This chapter outlines the conceptual reviews, theoretical reviews and empirical reviews of the study.
Chapter Three centers on the methodologies applied in the study. A more detailed explanation of the research design, population of the study, sample size and technique, data collection method and analysis is discussed in this chapter.
Chapter Four highlights data analysis and interpretation giving the readers a thorough room for the discussion of the practical and theoretical implications of data analyzed in the study.
Chapter Five outlines the findings, conclusions and recommendations of the study. Based on objectives set out, the researcher concludes the paper by answering all research questions set out in the study.
