Table of Contents
Abstract. 2
CHAPTER ONE.. 5
INTRODUCTION.. 5
1.1 Background to the Study.. 5
1.2 Statement of the Problem... 6
1.3 Objectives of the Study.. 7
1.4 Research Questions. 8
1.5 Research Hypothesis. 8
1.6 Significance of the Study.. 9
1.7 Scope of the Study.. 9
1.8 Limitations of the Study.. 10
1.9 Organization of the Study.. 10
CHAPTER TWO.. 12
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE.. 12
2.1 Introduction.. 12
2.2 Theoretical Review.. 12
2.3 Conceptual Review.. 14
2.4 Empirical Review.. 18
2.5 Summary of Literature Review.. 20
Chapter Three.. 21
Research Methodology.. 21
3.1 Introduction.. 21
3.2 Research Design.. 21
3.3 Population and Sampling.. 21
3.4 Data Collection Methods. 22
3.5 Data Analysis. 23
3.6 Ethical Considerations. 24
3.7 Conclusion.. 25
CHAPTER FOUR.. 26
DATA ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION.. 26
4.1 Preamble.. 26
4.2 Socio-Demographic Characteristics of Respondents. 26
TABLES BASED ON RESEARCH QUESTIONS.. 31
4.3 Analysis of the Respondents’ Views on Research Question one:. 31
4.4 Testing Hypothesis. 42
CHAPTER FIVE.. 47
SUMMARY CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS.. 47
8. Conclusion.. 53
REFERENCES.. 53
Research Questionnaire: The Relationship Between Social Class and Political Participation in Nigeria (A Case Study of Uyo Metropolis). 55
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background to the Study
The relationship between social class and political participation in Nigeria is a complex and multifaceted topic that has garnered significant scholarly attention. Nigeria, as a diverse and populous country, exhibits a wide range of social class disparities, encompassing various economic, educational, and occupational dimensions. Political participation, on the other hand, encompasses a broad spectrum of activities, including voting, activism, and engagement in political discourse. Understanding how social class influences political participation is crucial for comprehending the dynamics of Nigerian democracy and the representation of different societal segments in the political process. Alemika, E. E. O. (2002).
Scholars have extensively explored the impact of social class on political participation in Nigeria, highlighting both the constraints and opportunities that different classes face. Some argue that economic disparities directly affect political engagement, as individuals from lower socio-economic classes may encounter barriers such as limited access to education and resources, which can impede their political participation. Others contend that social class influences political behavior through indirect mechanisms, such as shaping political attitudes and values. Moreover, the historical context of Nigeria's political landscape, marked by periods of military rule and civilian governance, adds another layer of complexity to the interplay between social class and political participation. Isike, C., & Onyishi, E. I. (2017).
In examining the relationship between social class and political participation in Nigeria, scholars have drawn on various theoretical frameworks, including Marxist perspectives, social capital theory, and intersectionality. These frameworks help elucidate the nuanced ways in which class intersects with other social identities and structures, influencing individuals' political choices and activities. Additionally, empirical studies have been conducted to investigate patterns of political participation across different social classes in Nigeria, providing valuable insights into the mechanisms through which class shapes political dynamics. Osaghae, E. E. (1998).
1.2 Statement of the Problem
The study of the relationship between social class and political participation in Nigeria is of paramount importance given the country's diverse sociopolitical landscape. Nigeria is characterized by significant disparities in economic, educational, and occupational dimensions, creating distinct social classes with varying levels of access to resources and opportunities. Understanding how these social class divisions influence political participation is essential for addressing issues of political representation, inclusivity, and the overall health of the democratic process in the country. Alemika, E. E. O. (2002).
Despite the significance of this topic, there remains a gap in the existing literature regarding the nuanced ways in which social class shapes political engagement in Nigeria. While some studies have explored the broad impact of socio-economic factors on political participation, there is a need for a more granular examination that considers the intersectionality of class with other social identities. Additionally, the evolving nature of Nigeria's political landscape, marked by transitions between military rule and civilian governance, adds complexity to the relationship between social class and political participation. This study seeks to address these gaps by providing a comprehensive analysis of how social class dynamics impact the various dimensions of political participation in Nigeria, contributing to a more nuanced understanding of the country's democratic processes. . Isike, C., & Onyishi, E. I. (2017).
1.3 Objectives of the Study
The main objective of the study is to examine the relationship between social class and political participation in Nigeria. Specific objectives of the study are:
- To understand the patterns and disparities in political participation across different social classes in Nigeria.
- To identify the motivating factors and barriers influencing political participation across social classes.
- To assess the implications of the relationship between social class and political participation for Nigerian democracy and governance.
1.4 Research Questions
To guide the study and achieve the objectives of the study, the following research questions were formulated:
- How does the level of socioeconomic status (SES) (e.g., income, education, occupation) influence participation in different forms of political activity (e.g., voting, protests, and party membership)?
- How do the perceived costs and benefits of political participation vary across different social classes in Nigeria?
- How does the unequal distribution of political participation across social classes affect the representation of diverse interests in Nigerian politics?
1.5 Research Hypothesis
The following research hypothesis was developed and tested for the study:
Ho: There is no statistical significant relationship between social class and political participation in Nigeria.
1.6 Significance of the Study
The study is important for many reasons. The following are the major stakeholders this paper through its practical and theoretical implications and findings will be of great significance:
Firstly, the paper will benefit major stakeholders and policy makers in the Sociology sector. The various analysis, findings and discussions outlined in this paper will serve as a guide in enabling major positive changes in the industry and sub-sectors.
Secondly, the paper is also beneficial to the organizations used for the research. Since first hand data was gotten and analysed from the organization, they stand a chance to benefit directly from the findings of the study in respect to their various organizations. These findings will fast track growth and enable productivity in the organisations used as a case study.
Finally, the paper will serve as a guide to other researchers willing to research further into the subject matter. Through the conclusions, limitations and gaps identified in the subject matter, other student and independent researchers can have a well laid foundation to conduct further studies.
1.7 Scope of the Study
The study is delimited to Uyo Metropolis. Findings and recommendations from the study reflects the views and opinions of respondents sampled in the area. It may not reflect the entire picture in the population.
1.8 Limitations of the Study
The major limitations of the research study are time, financial constraints and delays from respondents. The researcher had difficulties combining lectures with field work. Financial constraints in form of getting adequate funds and sponsors to print questionnaires, hold Focus group discussions and logistics was recorded. Finally, respondents were a bit reluctant in filling questionnaires and submitting them on time. This delayed the project work a bit.
1.9 Organization of the Study
The study is made up of five (5) Chapters. Chapter one of the study gives a general introduction to the subject matter, background to the problem as well as a detailed problem statement of the research. This chapter also sets the objectives of the paper in motion detailing out the significance and scope of the paper.
Chapter Two of the paper entails the review of related literature with regards to corporate governance and integrated reporting. This chapter outlines the conceptual reviews, theoretical reviews and empirical reviews of the study.
Chapter Three centers on the methodologies applied in the study. A more detailed explanation of the research design, population of the study, sample size and technique, data collection method and analysis is discussed in this chapter.
Chapter Four highlights data analysis and interpretation giving the readers a thorough room for the discussion of the practical and theoretical implications of data analyzed in the study.
Chapter Five outlines the findings, conclusions and recommendations of the study. Based on objectives set out, the researcher concludes the paper by answering all research questions set out in the study.
