Table of Contents
Abstract. 2
CHAPTER ONE.. 4
INTRODUCTION.. 4
1.1 Background to the Study. 4
1.2 Statement of the Problem... 5
1.3 Objectives of the Study. 6
1.4 Research Questions. 6
1.5 Research Hypothesis. 6
1.6 Significance of the Study. 7
1.7 Scope of the Study. 7
1.8 Limitations of the Study. 7
1.9 Organization of the Study. 8
CHAPTER TWO.. 10
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE.. 10
2.1 Introduction.. 10
2.2 Theoretical Review.. 10
2.2.1 Structural Inequality Theory. 10
2.2.2 Cultural and Religious Dynamics Theory. 10
2.2.3 Political Economy Theory. 11
2.2.4 Globalization and Development Theory. 11
2.3 Conceptual Review.. 12
2.4 Empirical Review.. 15
2.5 Summary of Literature Review.. 16
Chapter Three. 17
Research Methodology. 17
3.1 Introduction.. 17
3.2 Research Design.. 17
3.3 Population of the Study. 17
3.4 Sample Size and Sampling Techniques. 17
3.5 Data Collection Instruments. 18
3.6 Validity and Reliability of the Instruments. 18
3.7 Data Collection Procedures. 18
3.8 Methods of Data Analysis. 19
3.9 Ethical Considerations. 19
3.10 Limitations of the Study. 19
3.11 Conclusion.. 19
CHAPTER FOUR.. 20
DATA PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION.. 20
4.2 DATA ANALYSIS.. 21
4.4 Testing Hypothesis. 35
Discussion of Findings. 36
CHAPTER FIVE.. 39
SUMMARY CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS.. 39
5.1 Summary of Findings. 39
5.2 Conclusion.. 40
5.3 Recommendations. 40
REFERENCES.. 42
RESEARCH QUESTIONNAIRE.. 44
TITLE: THE CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIES OF PROMOTING SOCIAL JUSTICE IN NIGERIA (A CASE STUDY OF CENTER FOR SOCIAL JUSTICE, ABUJA). 44
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background to the Study
1.1 Background to the Study
Nigeria, Africa's most populous country, grapples with a myriad of challenges and opportunities in promoting social justice. Rooted in a history of colonialism, ethnic diversity, and socio-economic disparities, the pursuit of social justice in Nigeria is both crucial and complex. Challenges such as corruption, inequality, religious and ethnic tensions, and inadequate infrastructure hinder progress towards achieving a fair and equitable society. However, amidst these challenges lie opportunities for positive change through grassroots movements, governmental reforms, and international collaboration. This article examines the multifaceted nature of promoting social justice in Nigeria, exploring the obstacles faced and the potential avenues for advancement.
Corruption remains a significant obstacle to social justice in Nigeria, permeating various levels of society and hindering equitable resource distribution (Transparency International, 2020). Additionally, deep-rooted ethnic and religious tensions often exacerbate social inequalities, leading to marginalization and discrimination against minority groups (Human Rights Watch, 2021). Moreover, the country's weak infrastructure, including limited access to education and healthcare, perpetuates socio-economic disparities and hampers efforts to uplift marginalized communities (World Bank, 2019). Furthermore, the lack of effective governance and rule of law undermines efforts to address systemic injustices and promote accountability (International Crisis Group, 2021).
Despite these challenges, Nigeria possesses several opportunities for advancing social justice. Grassroots movements, such as the #EndSARS protests in 2020, demonstrate the power of civil society in demanding accountability and driving social change (BBC, 2020). Moreover, governmental initiatives aimed at tackling corruption and improving governance, such as the Economic and Financial Crimes Commission (EFCC), present avenues for institutional reform (Vanguard Nigeria, 2021). Additionally, international partnerships and aid programs offer support for capacity-building and policy implementation in key areas such as education, healthcare, and economic empowerment (United Nations Development Programme, 2020).
1.2 Statement of the Problem
The pursuit of social justice in Nigeria is fraught with multifaceted challenges that hinder progress towards a fair and equitable society. One of the foremost obstacles is pervasive corruption, which undermines the rule of law, erodes public trust in institutions, and perpetuates socio-economic disparities (Transparency International, 2020). Additionally, Nigeria's complex ethno-religious landscape exacerbates social inequalities, leading to marginalization and discrimination against minority groups (Human Rights Watch, 2021). These systemic injustices are further compounded by inadequate infrastructure, including limited access to education, healthcare, and basic services, which disproportionately affect vulnerable populations and hinder socio-economic mobility. As of [current date], these challenges persist, impeding efforts to promote social justice and inclusive development in Nigeria.
Opportunities for Progress: Amidst these challenges lie opportunities for positive change and advancement towards social justice in Nigeria. Grassroots movements, such as the #EndSARS protests in 2020, have demonstrated the power of collective action in demanding accountability and driving societal reforms (BBC, 2020). Moreover, governmental initiatives aimed at combating corruption and strengthening governance, such as the Economic and Financial Crimes Commission (EFCC), present avenues for institutional reform and anti-corruption efforts. Additionally, international partnerships and aid programs offer support for capacity-building and policy implementation in key areas such as education, healthcare, and economic empowerment, providing opportunities for sustainable development and social justice (United Nations Development Programme, 2020). Despite the challenges, these opportunities hold promise for fostering a more just and equitable society in Nigeria.
1.3 Objectives of the Study
The main objective of the study is to examine the challenges and opportunities of promoting social justice in Nigeria. Specific objectives of the study are:
- To analyze the impact of socio-cultural norms on social justice efforts in Nigeria
- To evaluate the effectiveness of existing social justice initiatives in Nigeria
- To identify opportunities for promoting social justice through technological advancements in Nigeria
1.4 Research Questions
To guide the study and achieve the objectives of the study, the following research questions were formulated:
- How do traditional practices and cultural beliefs affect the advancement of social justice for marginalized groups in Nigeria?
- To what extent do current government policies and programs promote equal access to education, healthcare, and economic opportunities for all Nigerians?
- How can digital tools and platforms be leveraged to raise awareness, empower communities, and increase access to justice for Nigerians facing social injustices?
1.5 Research Hypothesis
The following research hypothesis was developed and tested for the study:
Ho: here is no significant relationship between the challenges and opportunities of promoting social justice in Nigeria.
1.6 Significance of the Study
The study is important for many reasons. The following are the major stakeholders this paper through its practical and theoretical implications and findings will be of great significance:
Firstly, the paper will benefit major stakeholders and policy makers in the Sociology sector. The various analysis, findings and discussions outlined in this paper will serve as a guide in enabling major positive changes in the industry and sub-sectors.
Secondly, the paper is also beneficial to the organizations used for the research. Since first hand data was gotten and analysed from the organization, they stand a chance to benefit directly from the findings of the study in respect to their various organizations. These findings will fast track growth and enable productivity in the organisations used as a case study.
Finally, the paper will serve as a guide to other researchers willing to research further into the subject matter. Through the conclusions, limitations and gaps identified in the subject matter, other student and independent researchers can have a well laid foundation to conduct further studies.
1.7 Scope of the Study
The study is delimited to Center for Social Justice, Abuja. Findings and recommendations from the study reflects the views and opinions of respondents sampled in the area. It may not reflect the entire picture in the population.
1.8 Limitations of the Study
The major limitations of the research study are time, financial constraints and delays from respondents. The researcher had difficulties combining lectures with field work. Financial constraints in form of getting adequate funds and sponsors to print questionnaires, hold Focus group discussions and logistics was recorded. Finally, respondents were a bit reluctant in filling questionnaires and submitting them on time. This delayed the project work a bit.
1.9 Organization of the Study
The study is made up of five (5) Chapters. Chapter one of the study gives a general introduction to the subject matter, background to the problem as well as a detailed problem statement of the research. This chapter also sets the objectives of the paper in motion detailing out the significance and scope of the paper.
Chapter Two of the paper entails the review of related literature with regards to corporate governance and integrated reporting. This chapter outlines the conceptual reviews, theoretical reviews and empirical reviews of the study.
Chapter Three centers on the methodologies applied in the study. A more detailed explanation of the research design, population of the study, sample size and technique, data collection method and analysis is discussed in this chapter.
Chapter Four highlights data analysis and interpretation giving the readers a thorough room for the discussion of the practical and theoretical implications of data analyzed in the study.
Chapter Five outlines the findings, conclusions and recommendations of the study. Based on objectives set out, the researcher concludes the paper by answering all research questions set out in the study.
