Table of Contents
ABSTRACT.. 1
CHAPTER ONE.. 3
INTRODUCTION.. 3
1.1 Background to the Study.. 3
1.2 Statement of the Problem... 5
1.3 Objectives of the Study.. 6
1.4 Research Questions. 7
1.5 Research Hypothesis. 7
1.6 Significance of the Study.. 7
1.7 Scope of the Study.. 8
1.8 Limitations of the Study.. 8
1.9 Organization of the Study.. 9
CHAPTER TWO.. 10
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE.. 10
2.1 Introduction.. 10
2.2 Theoretical Review.. 10
2.2.1 Contact Hypothesis Theory.. 10
Social Identity Theory.. 11
Conflict Theory.. 11
Integration and Differentiation Theory.. 12
2.3 Conceptual Review.. 12
2.4 Empirical Review.. 17
2.5 Summary of Chapter. 20
Chapter Three.. 21
Research Methodology.. 21
3.0 Introduction.. 21
3.2 Research Design.. 21
3.3 Population and Sampling.. 21
3.4 Data Collection.. 22
3.5 Data Analysis. 22
3.6 Ethical Considerations. 23
CHAPTER FOUR.. 24
DATA ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION.. 24
4.1 Preamble.. 24
4.2 Socio-Demographic Characteristics of Respondents. 24
TABLES BASED ON RESEARCH QUESTIONS.. 28
4.3 Analysis of the Respondents’ Views on Research Question one:. 28
4.4 Testing Hypothesis. 39
Discussion of Findings. 40
CHAPTER FIVE.. 42
SUMMARY CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION.. 42
5.1 Summary of Findings. 42
5.2 Conclusion.. 44
5.3 Recommendations. 44
References: 45
Research Questionnaire: The Impact of Religious Diversity on Social Cohesion in Nigeria.. 48
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background to the Study
1.1 Background to the Study
Nigeria, as a country marked by cultural and ethnic diversity, is also home to a complex tapestry of religious affiliations, primarily Islam and Christianity. The interplay of religious diversity has profound implications for the social fabric of the nation, influencing various aspects of daily life, governance, and community relations. This introduction delves into the multifaceted nature of religious diversity in Nigeria and aims to explore its impact on social cohesion. While diversity can be a source of strength, providing a rich cultural mosaic, it also presents challenges that may affect social unity. Understanding the dynamics of religious diversity is crucial for fostering a cohesive and harmonious society in Nigeria.
Nigeria's religious landscape is characterized by a blend of indigenous beliefs, Islam, and Christianity, with the latter two being the dominant faiths. The northern regions are predominantly Muslim, while the south is predominantly Christian. Additionally, pockets of indigenous religious practices persist across the country. This mosaic of beliefs is historically rooted, influenced by pre-colonial traditions and later shaped by the colonial period. As Nigeria transitioned into an independent nation, religious diversity became a defining feature, shaping the identity of communities and influencing social interactions.
The historical context of religious diversity in Nigeria is deeply intertwined with the nation's socio-political development. The British colonial legacy, which amalgamated diverse ethnic and religious groups into a single entity, further contributed to the complex religious landscape. The historical interplay of Islam and Christianity, including instances of coexistence and occasional tension, has left an indelible mark on the social psyche. Understanding this historical backdrop is crucial for comprehending the contemporary challenges and opportunities associated with religious diversity and social cohesion.
While religious diversity can be a source of cultural richness and tolerance, it also brings forth challenges that impact social cohesion. Historical tensions and occasional inter-religious conflicts have tested the fabric of unity. Additionally, political instrumentalization of religious identities can exacerbate divisions. However, there are opportunities for dialogue, understanding, and collaboration among religious communities. Scholars emphasize the need to recognize and leverage the positive aspects of religious diversity to strengthen social cohesion (e.g., Onaiyekan, 2012; Marshall-Fratani, 1998). This study aims to explore both the challenges and opportunities inherent in the nexus between religious diversity and social cohesion in Nigeria.
1.2 Statement of the Problem
The impact of religious diversity on social cohesion in Nigeria presents a complex set of challenges that warrant focused investigation. Nigeria's diverse religious landscape, characterized by a significant Muslim population in the north, a predominantly Christian population in the south, and the persistence of indigenous religious practices, raises questions about how this diversity influences the sense of social unity and cohesiveness within the nation. Historical tensions and intermittent inter-religious conflicts have highlighted the potential divisive consequences of religious diversity, impacting relationships among communities and individuals. The instrumentalization of religious identities for political purposes further complicates the landscape, potentially exacerbating social divisions. Understanding the specific mechanisms through which religious diversity affects social cohesion in Nigeria is essential for developing targeted interventions and policies that promote inclusivity and harmony.
Moreover, the coexistence of Islam and Christianity in Nigeria, each with its distinct cultural and religious practices, contributes to a dynamic interplay of identities that can either foster mutual understanding or give rise to societal fractures. As the nation grapples with the challenges posed by historical legacies, regional disparities, and political influences, there is a pressing need to explore how religious diversity influences interpersonal relationships, community dynamics, and the overall fabric of social cohesion. This study aims to address this gap by investigating the nuanced ways in which religious diversity shapes the social landscape of Nigeria, with a focus on identifying key factors that contribute to or hinder social cohesion in this diverse and vibrant nation.
1.3 Objectives of the Study
The main objective of the study is to examine The impact of religious diversity on social cohesion in Nigeria. Specific objectives of the study are:
- 1. To Assess the Perceptions of Religious Diversity
- 2. To Examine the Role of Inter-Religious Dialogue in Promoting Social Cohesion
- To Investigate the Influence of Political Factors on Religious Diversity and Social Cohesion.
1.4 Research Questions
To guide the study and achieve the objectives of the study, the following research questions were formulated:
- How do individuals in different religious communities perceive the diversity of religious beliefs and practices in Nigeria?
- To what extent do formal and informal inter-religious dialogue initiatives contribute to fostering understanding and cooperation among diverse religious communities in Nigeria?
- How do political narratives and actions influence the relationship between religious diversity and social cohesion in Nigeria?
1.5 Research Hypothesis
The following research hypothesis was developed and tested for the study:
Ho: There is no statistical significant relationship between religious diversity and social cohesion.
1.6 Significance of the Study
The study is important for many reasons. The following are the major stakeholders this paper through its practical and theoretical implications and findings will be of great significance:
Firstly, the paper will benefit major stakeholders and policy makers in the Sociology sector. The various analysis, findings and discussions outlined in this paper will serve as a guide in enabling major positive changes in the industry and sub-sectors.
Secondly, the paper is also beneficial to the organizations used for the research. Since first hand data was gotten and analysed from the organization, they stand a chance to benefit directly from the findings of the study in respect to their various organizations. These findings will fast track growth and enable productivity in the organisations used as a case study.
Finally, the paper will serve as a guide to other researchers willing to research further into the subject matter. Through the conclusions, limitations and gaps identified in the subject matter, other student and independent researchers can have a well laid foundation to conduct further studies.
1.7 Scope of the Study
The study is delimited to Nigeria. Findings and recommendations from the study reflects the views and opinions of respondents sampled in the area. It may not reflect the entire picture in the population.
1.8 Limitations of the Study
The major limitations of the research study are time, financial constraints and delays from respondents. The researcher had difficulties combining lectures with field work. Financial constraints in form of getting adequate funds and sponsors to print questionnaires, hold Focus group discussions and logistics was recorded. Finally, respondents were a bit reluctant in filling questionnaires and submitting them on time. This delayed the project work a bit.
1.9 Organization of the Study
The study is made up of five (5) Chapters. Chapter one of the study gives a general introduction to the subject matter, background to the problem as well as a detailed problem statement of the research. This chapter also sets the objectives of the paper in motion detailing out the significance and scope of the paper.
Chapter Two of the paper entails the review of related literature with regards to corporate governance and integrated reporting. This chapter outlines the conceptual reviews, theoretical reviews and empirical reviews of the study.
Chapter Three centers on the methodologies applied in the study. A more detailed explanation of the research design, population of the study, sample size and technique, data collection method and analysis is discussed in this chapter.
Chapter Four highlights data analysis and interpretation giving the readers a thorough room for the discussion of the practical and theoretical implications of data analyzed in the study.
Chapter Five outlines the findings, conclusions and recommendations of the study. Based on objectives set out, the researcher concludes the paper by answering all research questions set out in the study.
