Table of Contents
Abstract. 2
CHAPTER ONE.. 5
INTRODUCTION.. 5
1.1 Background to the Study.. 5
1.2 Statement of the Problem... 6
1.3 Objectives of the Study.. 8
1.4 Research Questions. 8
1.5 Research Hypothesis. 9
1.6 Significance of the Study.. 9
1.7 Scope of the Study.. 10
1.8 Limitations of the Study.. 10
1.9 Organization of the Study.. 10
1.10 Definition of Terms. 11
CHAPTER TWO.. 15
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE.. 15
2.1 Introduction.. 15
2.2 Theoretical Review.. 15
2.2.1 Deontological Ethics Theory.. 15
2.2.2 Virtue Ethics Theory.. 16
2.2.3 Utilitarianism Theory.. 16
2.2.4 Ethical Relativism Theory.. 16
2.3 Conceptual Review.. 17
2.4 Empirical Review.. 20
2.5 Summary of Literature Review.. 21
Chapter Three. 22
Research Methodology.. 22
3.1 Introduction.. 22
3.2 Research Design.. 22
3.3 Study Population.. 23
3.4 Sampling Techniques. 23
3.5 Data Collection Methods. 23
3.6 Data Analysis Procedures. 24
3.7 Validity and Reliability.. 24
3.8 Ethical Considerations. 25
3.9 Limitations of the Study.. 25
3.10 Conclusion.. 25
Discussion of Findings. 38
CHAPTER FIVE.. 43
SUMMARY CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS.. 43
5.1 Summary of Findings. 43
5.2 Conclusion.. 43
5.3 Recommendations. 44
REFERENCE.. 45
Research Questionnaire: Assessment of the Ethical Implications of Quantity Surveying and Surveying Practice in Nigeria (A Case Study of Wallan Survey & Mapping, Lagos) 48
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background to the Study
Ethics form the cornerstone of professional integrity and accountability in quantity surveying and surveying practice, playing a pivotal role in shaping the construction and land surveying sectors in Nigeria. The ethical implications within these disciplines are multifaceted, encompassing principles of honesty, fairness, and responsibility towards clients, stakeholders, and the broader community. As Nigeria undergoes rapid urbanization and infrastructural development, the role of quantity surveyors and surveyors becomes increasingly significant in ensuring sustainable and ethical practices. This assessment explores the ethical dimensions specific to these professions in Nigeria, examining key issues such as transparency in cost estimation, adherence to regulatory standards, management of conflicts of interest, and the impact of ethical conduct on project outcomes and public trust.
Ethical considerations in quantity surveying and surveying practice are grounded in professional standards and codes of ethics established by regulatory bodies and professional associations. These guidelines not only define acceptable behavior and competencies but also emphasize the importance of upholding ethical principles in decision-making processes and interactions with clients and stakeholders. The ethical landscape is shaped by Nigeria's legal frameworks, including statutes governing land administration and construction projects, which mandate compliance to ensure fairness and transparency. Additionally, ethical dilemmas such as conflicts of interest, where personal interests may conflict with professional obligations, highlight the need for robust ethical frameworks and mechanisms to safeguard against malpractice and uphold the integrity of the profession (Adeleke, 2020; Oluwatosin & Alabi, 2019).
Moreover, the assessment delves into the practical implications of ethical lapses in quantity surveying and surveying practice, examining case studies and examples from Nigeria's construction and land surveying sectors. These real-world scenarios underscore the importance of ethical decision-making in mitigating risks, enhancing project outcomes, and fostering long-term relationships with clients and communities. By critically analyzing these ethical implications, this assessment aims to provide insights and recommendations for promoting ethical awareness and adherence among quantity surveyors and surveyors in Nigeria, thereby contributing to the sustainability and credibility of these professions in a rapidly evolving socio-economic landscape (Oyewobi, 2021; Adebayo & Emetere, 2018).
1.2 Statement of the Problem
The ethical implications within quantity surveying and surveying practice in Nigeria present significant challenges and concerns that impact the integrity and credibility of these professions. Despite the existence of regulatory frameworks and codes of ethics, ethical lapses continue to undermine trust and transparency in construction projects and land surveying activities across the country. Issues such as inflated cost estimations, bid rigging, and improper procurement practices not only distort project budgets but also hinder fair competition and equitable access to public resources. These ethical dilemmas not only affect project outcomes but also erode public confidence in the reliability and professionalism of quantity surveyors and surveyors operating in Nigeria (Olusola & Aduwo, 2022; Badejo & Ojo, 2023).
Moreover, the complexity of ethical decision-making in the context of Nigeria's socio-economic landscape poses additional challenges. Rapid urbanization, infrastructural deficits, and bureaucratic inefficiencies create fertile ground for ethical compromises, where professionals may face pressures to prioritize personal gain over ethical standards. The prevalence of corruption and informal practices further exacerbates these challenges, necessitating a critical examination of the root causes and systemic issues that perpetuate unethical behavior within the construction and land surveying sectors (Ogungbamila & Adeyemi, 2021).
1.3 Objectives of the Study
The main objective of the study is to examine Assessment of The ethical implications of quantity surveying and surveying practice in Nigeria. Specific objectives of the study are:
- To identify prevalent unethical practices in quantity surveying and surveying in Nigeria
- To analyze the factors that contribute to unethical practices in the profession
- To evaluate the effectiveness of current measures to promote ethical conduct in quantity surveying and surveying practice
1.4 Research Questions
To guide the study and achieve the objectives of the study, the following research questions were formulated:
- What are the most common forms of unethical behavior reported by clients, contractors and other professionals regarding quantity surveyors and surveyors in Nigeria?
- To what extent do inadequate remuneration, economic pressures, and educational gaps influence ethical decision-making by quantity surveyors and surveyors?
- How satisfied are stakeholders clients, contractors, public with the current mechanisms for addressing unethical behavior in the profession?
1.5 Research Hypothesis
The following research hypothesis was developed and tested for the study:
Ho: There is no significant relationship between ethical implications and quantity surveying and surveying practice in Nigeria.
1.6 Significance of the Study
The study is important for many reasons. The following are the major stakeholders this paper through its practical and theoretical implications and findings will be of great significance:
Firstly, the paper will benefit major stakeholders and policy makers in the Quantity & Surveying sector. The various analysis, findings and discussions outlined in this paper will serve as a guide in enabling major positive changes in the industry and sub-sectors.
Secondly, the paper is also beneficial to the organizations used for the research. Since first hand data was gotten and analysed from the organization, they stand a chance to benefit directly from the findings of the study in respect to their various organizations. These findings will fast track growth and enable productivity in the organisations used as a case study.
Finally, the paper will serve as a guide to other researchers willing to research further into the subject matter. Through the conclusions, limitations and gaps identified in the subject matter, other student and independent researchers can have a well laid foundation to conduct further studies.
1.7 Scope of the Study
The study is delimited to Wallan Survey & Mapping, Lagos. Findings and recommendations from the study reflects the views and opinions of respondents sampled in the area. It may not reflect the entire picture in the population.
1.8 Limitations of the Study
The major limitations of the research study are time, financial constraints and delays from respondents. The researcher had difficulties combining lectures with field work. Financial constraints in form of getting adequate funds and sponsors to print questionnaires, hold Focus group discussions and logistics was recorded. Finally, respondents were a bit reluctant in filling questionnaires and submitting them on time. This delayed the project work a bit.
1.9 Organization of the Study
The study is made up of five (5) Chapters. Chapter one of the study gives a general introduction to the subject matter, background to the problem as well as a detailed problem statement of the research. This chapter also sets the objectives of the paper in motion detailing out the significance and scope of the paper.
Chapter Two of the paper entails the review of related literature with regards to corporate governance and integrated reporting. This chapter outlines the conceptual reviews, theoretical reviews and empirical reviews of the study.
Chapter Three centers on the methodologies applied in the study. A more detailed explanation of the research design, population of the study, sample size and technique, data collection method and analysis is discussed in this chapter.
Chapter Four highlights data analysis and interpretation giving the readers a thorough room for the discussion of the practical and theoretical implications of data analyzed in the study.
Chapter Five outlines the findings, conclusions and recommendations of the study. Based on objectives set out, the researcher concludes the paper by answering all research questions set out in the study.
1.10 Definition of Terms
1. Ethics
Ethics refers to the principles of right and wrong that guide an individual or profession in making decisions and conducting activities. In the context of quantity surveying and surveying practice, ethical considerations ensure integrity, fairness, and accountability in professional conduct.
2. Quantity Surveying
Quantity surveying is the profession concerned with the measurement and estimation of construction costs and the procurement and management of construction projects. It involves preparing cost estimates, tender documents, and financial assessments.
3. Surveying Practice
Surveying practice encompasses the techniques and methodologies used to determine and map the positions, distances, and boundaries of land, as well as the measurement and analysis of geographic and spatial data. It includes cadastral surveying, engineering surveying, and geodetic surveying, among others.
4. Professional Standards
Professional standards are guidelines and norms established by regulatory bodies or professional associations to ensure that practitioners in quantity surveying and surveying practice adhere to ethical conduct, competency, and excellence in service delivery.
5. Conflict of Interest
A conflict of interest occurs when a professional's personal interests or relationships could improperly influence their judgment or actions in performing their duties. In quantity surveying and surveying practice, identifying and managing conflicts of interest is crucial to maintaining ethical integrity.
6. Code of Ethics
A code of ethics is a set of principles and rules that govern the behavior and decision-making of professionals within a particular field. For quantity surveyors and surveyors in Nigeria, adherence to the code of ethics promotes honesty, transparency, and respect for clients, colleagues, and the public.
7. Regulatory Compliance
Regulatory compliance refers to the adherence to laws, regulations, and standards set forth by governmental authorities and professional bodies. In Nigeria, quantity surveyors and surveyors must comply with legal requirements and professional regulations to ensure ethical practice and accountability.
