Table of Contents
ABSTRACT.. 2
CHAPTER ONE.. 5
INTRODUCTION.. 5
1.1 Background to the Study. 5
1.2 Statement of the Problem... 7
1.3 Objectives of the Study. 8
1.4 Research Questions. 8
1.5 Research Hypothesis. 9
1.6 Significance of the Study. 9
1.7 Scope of the Study. 10
1.8 Limitations of the Study. 10
1.9 Organization of the Study. 10
CHAPTER TWO.. 12
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE.. 12
2.1 Introduction.. 12
2.2 Theoretical Review.. 13
2.3 Conceptual Review.. 15
2.4 Empirical Review.. 19
2.5 Summary of Literature Review.. 20
CHAPTER THREE.. 22
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY.. 22
3.1 RESEARCH DESIGN.. 22
3.2 AREA OF THE STUDY:. 22
3.3 POPULATION OF THE STUDY:. 23
3.4 SAMPLING TECHNIQUE.. 23
3.5 DATA COLLECTION METHODS.. 23
3.6 RESEARCH INSTRUMENT DEVELOPMENT.. 24
3.7 DATA ANALYSIS.. 24
3.8 ETHICAL CONSIDERATIONS.. 24
3.9 LIMITATIONS.. 25
CHAPTER FOUR.. 26
DATA ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION.. 26
4.1 Preamble. 26
4.2 Socio-Demographic Characteristics of Respondents. 26
TABLES BASED ON RESEARCH QUESTIONS.. 30
4.3 Analysis of the Respondents’ Views on Research Question one:. 30
4.4 DISCUSSION OF FINDINGS.. 42
CHAPTER FIVE.. 45
SUMMARY CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION.. 45
SUMMARY.. 45
CONCLUSION.. 45
RECOMMENDATION.. 46
REFERENCES.. 47
APPENDIX.. 50
Research Questionnaire: Exploring the Impact of Global Health Initiatives on Nigerian Healthcare Systems. 50
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background to the Study
1.1 Background to the Study
In recent decades, Nigeria has been a focal point for various global health initiatives aimed at improving healthcare delivery and outcomes in the country. These initiatives encompass a wide array of interventions, ranging from disease prevention and control to healthcare infrastructure development and capacity building. As Nigeria grapples with numerous healthcare challenges, including infectious diseases, maternal and child health issues, and inadequate healthcare infrastructure, the role of global health initiatives becomes increasingly crucial. This introduction seeks to examine the multifaceted impact of such initiatives on the Nigerian healthcare system, considering both their successes and challenges. World Health Organization. (2021).
Global health initiatives targeting Nigeria often address the country's high burden of communicable diseases, such as malaria, tuberculosis, and HIV/AIDS. For instance, initiatives like the Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria (GFATM) and the President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR) have played significant roles in scaling up access to antiretroviral therapy (ART) and malaria control interventions across the country. These efforts have contributed to substantial reductions in disease prevalence and mortality rates, thereby improving overall population health. (UNICEF). (2020).
Moreover, global health initiatives have facilitated the enhancement of healthcare infrastructure and human resources in Nigeria. Organizations like the World Health Organization (WHO) and the United Nations International Children's Emergency Fund (UNICEF) have collaborated with the Nigerian government to strengthen healthcare systems, build capacity among healthcare workers, and improve the availability of essential medical supplies and equipment. Additionally, initiatives focused on maternal and child health, such as the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) and Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), have contributed to improvements in maternal mortality ratios and child survival rates. The Global Fund. (2020).
However, despite these achievements, challenges persist in the effective implementation and sustainability of global health initiatives in Nigeria. Issues such as inadequate funding, weak healthcare governance, infrastructural deficiencies, and socio-cultural barriers continue to hinder the optimal impact of interventions. Furthermore, the COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted the fragility of healthcare systems in Nigeria, underscoring the need for sustained investment and collaboration in global health efforts. By critically examining the successes and challenges of these initiatives, stakeholders can identify strategies to maximize their impact and contribute to the attainment of universal health coverage and health equity in Nigeria. (PEPFAR). (2022).
1.2 Statement of the Problem
Despite the significant investment and implementation of various global health initiatives in Nigeria, there remains a pressing need to assess their overall impact on the country's healthcare systems comprehensively. While these initiatives have undoubtedly contributed to notable advancements in disease control, healthcare infrastructure, and capacity building, challenges persist that hinder their effectiveness and sustainability. Issues such as inadequate funding, weak governance structures, infrastructural deficiencies, and socio-cultural barriers continue to undermine the full realization of the potential benefits of these initiatives, ultimately impacting the quality and accessibility of healthcare services for the Nigerian population. Federal Ministry of Health, Nigeria. (2019).
Furthermore, the emergence of new and reemerging health threats, such as the COVID-19 pandemic, underscores the urgency of addressing these challenges and optimizing the impact of global health initiatives in Nigeria. The pandemic has highlighted systemic weaknesses within the Nigerian healthcare system, revealing gaps in preparedness, response capacity, and healthcare delivery. Therefore, there is a critical need for research and analysis to evaluate the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats associated with current global health interventions in Nigeria, guiding future strategies to enhance the resilience and effectiveness of the country's healthcare systems. World Bank Group. (2021).
1.3 Objectives of the Study
The main objective of the study is to explore the Impact of Global Health Initiatives on Nigerian Healthcare Systems. Specific objectives of the study are:
- Assess the effectiveness of Global Health Initiatives GHIs in improving access to specific health services in Nigeria.
- 2. Evaluate the impact of Global Health Initiatives on the overall sustainability of the Nigerian healthcare system.
- Analyze the influence of Global Health Initiatives on strengthening or weakening the Nigerian healthcare system's infrastructure and workforce.
1.4 Research Questions
To guide the study and achieve the objectives of the study, the following research questions were formulated:
- To what extent have GHIs increased the utilization of essential health services by Nigerians, particularly in underserved communities?
- How do GHI funding mechanisms and program structures affect the Nigerian government's ability to independently finance and manage its healthcare system in the long run?
- In what ways do GHIs contribute to, or detract from, the development of a robust healthcare infrastructure facilities, equipment and a well-trained healthcare workforce in Nigeria?
1.5 Research Hypothesis
The following research hypothesis was developed and tested for the study:
Ho: There is no statistical significant relationship between Global Health Initiatives and Nigerian Healthcare Systems.
1.6 Significance of the Study
The study is important for many reasons. The following are the major stakeholders this paper through its practical and theoretical implications and findings will be of great significance:
Firstly, the paper will benefit major stakeholders and policy makers in the Public Health sector. The various analysis, findings and discussions outlined in this paper will serve as a guide in enabling major positive changes in the industry and sub-sectors.
Secondly, the paper is also beneficial to the organizations used for the research. Since first hand data was gotten and analysed from the organization, they stand a chance to benefit directly from the findings of the study in respect to their various organizations. These findings will fast track growth and enable productivity in the organisations used as a case study.
Finally, the paper will serve as a guide to other researchers willing to research further into the subject matter. Through the conclusions, limitations and gaps identified in the subject matter, other student and independent researchers can have a well laid foundation to conduct further studies.
1.7 Scope of the Study
The study is delimited to UUTH, Uyo. Findings and recommendations from the study reflects the views and opinions of respondents sampled in the area. It may not reflect the entire picture in the population.
1.8 Limitations of the Study
The major limitations of the research study are time, financial constraints and delays from respondents. The researcher had difficulties combining lectures with field work. Financial constraints in form of getting adequate funds and sponsors to print questionnaires, hold Focus group discussions and logistics was recorded. Finally, respondents were a bit reluctant in filling questionnaires and submitting them on time. This delayed the project work a bit.
1.9 Organization of the Study
The study is made up of five (5) Chapters. Chapter one of the study gives a general introduction to the subject matter, background to the problem as well as a detailed problem statement of the research. This chapter also sets the objectives of the paper in motion detailing out the significance and scope of the paper.
Chapter Two of the paper entails the review of related literature with regards to corporate governance and integrated reporting. This chapter outlines the conceptual reviews, theoretical reviews and empirical reviews of the study.
Chapter Three centers on the methodologies applied in the study. A more detailed explanation of the research design, population of the study, sample size and technique, data collection method and analysis is discussed in this chapter.
Chapter Four highlights data analysis and interpretation giving the readers a thorough room for the discussion of the practical and theoretical implications of data analyzed in the study.
Chapter Five outlines the findings, conclusions and recommendations of the study. Based on objectives set out, the researcher concludes the paper by answering all research questions set out in the study.
