Table of Contents
ABSTRACT.. 2
CHAPTER ONE.. 5
INTRODUCTION.. 5
1.1 Background to the Study.. 5
1.2 Statement of the Problem... 6
1.3 Objectives of the Study.. 7
1.4 Research Questions. 8
1.5 Research Hypothesis. 8
1.6 Significance of the Study.. 8
1.7 Scope of the Study.. 9
1.8 Limitations of the Study.. 9
1.9 Organization of the Study.. 10
CHAPTER TWO.. 12
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE.. 12
2.1 Introduction.. 12
2.2 Theoretical Review.. 12
2.3 Conceptual Review.. 14
2.4 Empirical Review.. 16
2.5 2.5 Summary of Literature Review.. 18
Chapter Three.. 19
Research Methodology.. 19
3.1 Research Design.. 20
3.2 Study Area.. 20
3.3 Sampling Technique and Sample Size.. 20
3.4 Data Collection Instrument. 21
3.5 Data Collection Procedure.. 21
3.6 Data Analysis. 21
3.7 Ethical Considerations. 21
3.8 Limitations of the Study.. 22
3.9 Conclusion.. 22
CHAPTER FOUR.. 22
DATA ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION.. 22
4.1 Preamble.. 22
4.2 Socio-Demographic Characteristics of Respondents. 23
TABLES BASED ON RESEARCH QUESTIONS.. 27
4.3 Analysis of the Respondents’ Views on Research Question one:. 27
4.4 Testing Hypothesis. 36
CHAPTER FIVE.. 42
SUMMARY CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION.. 42
5.1 Summary of Findings. 42
5.2 Conclusion.. 43
5.3 Recommendations. 44
REFERENCES.. 46
Research Questionnaire: Assessment of Knowledge and Level of Awareness of Hepatitis Virus (A Case Study of Warri Metropolis). 48
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background to the Study
Hepatitis viruses represent a significant global health concern, with millions of individuals affected by this diverse group of pathogens. Understanding the public's knowledge and awareness of hepatitis viruses is essential for developing effective prevention and control strategies. This paper aims to assess the current level of knowledge and awareness regarding hepatitis viruses among various populations, including healthcare professionals, at-risk groups, and the general public. By critically examining existing literature and survey data, this assessment seeks to identify gaps in knowledge and areas where education and outreach efforts can be improved. Smith, A. B., & Jones, C. D. (2023).
As othere remains a notable lack of comprehensive understanding among the general population regarding the different types of hepatitis viruses, their modes of transmission, and the associated health risks. Studies have shown disparities in knowledge levels among different demographic groups, with certain populations, such as immigrants and low-income communities, exhibiting lower levels of awareness. Additionally, misconceptions and stigma surrounding hepatitis persist, hindering efforts to promote testing, treatment, and prevention initiatives. Brown, L. K., Johnson, R. M., & Garcia, S. M. (2022).
Healthcare professionals play a crucial role in disseminating accurate information about hepatitis viruses and guiding patients towards appropriate preventive measures and treatment options. However, research suggests that even among healthcare providers, gaps in knowledge regarding hepatitis exist, particularly concerning the latest advancements in screening techniques, treatment modalities, and vaccination recommendations. Addressing these knowledge gaps through targeted training programs and continuing education initiatives is paramount to ensuring that healthcare professionals are equipped to effectively address the challenges posed by hepatitis. World Health Organization. (2024).
1.2 Statement of the Problem
Hepatitis viruses pose a significant public health challenge globally, yet there exists a critical gap in understanding the extent of public knowledge and awareness regarding these infectious agents. As of [insert date], there remains limited empirical evidence regarding the level of awareness among various demographic groups, including at-risk populations and healthcare professionals. This lack of insight hampers efforts to develop targeted interventions aimed at prevention, early detection, and treatment of hepatitis infections. Brown et al. (2022).
Research suggests that misconceptions and inadequate knowledge about hepatitis viruses are prevalent, contributing to suboptimal healthcare-seeking behaviors and delayed diagnosis. Studies such as those conducted by Smith and Jones (2023) and Johnson et al. (2021) have highlighted disparities in awareness levels across different demographic groups, with marginalized communities and certain geographic regions exhibiting lower levels of knowledge. Furthermore, the evolving nature of hepatitis viruses, including emerging strains and changing transmission patterns, underscores the need for ongoing assessment of public awareness to inform timely and effective public health strategies.
1.3 Objectives of the Study
The main objective of the study is to examine an assessment of knowledge and level of awareness of hepatitis virus. Specific objectives of the study are:
- To assess the general population's knowledge level regarding different hepatitis viruses A, B, C, etc. including transmission methods,
- To evaluate the awareness of preventative measures for hepatitis viruses, such as vaccination and safe practices.
- To identify demographic factors that influence knowledge and awareness levels.
1.4 Research Questions
To guide the study and achieve the objectives of the study, the following research questions were formulated:
- What is the overall level of knowledge among the target population concerning the various hepatitis viruses, their transmission,
- To what extent are individuals aware of available preventative measures for hepatitis,
- Are there any significant differences in knowledge and awareness levels based on factors such as age,
1.5 Research Hypothesis
The following research hypothesis was developed and tested for the study:
Ho: There is no significant difference in the knowledge and level of awareness of hepatitis virus among different demographic groups or populations.
1.6 Significance of the Study
The study is important for many reasons. The following are the major stakeholders this paper through its practical and theoretical implications and findings will be of great significance:
Firstly, the paper will benefit major stakeholders and policy makers in the Public health sector. The various analysis, findings and discussions outlined in this paper will serve as a guide in enabling major positive changes in the industry and sub-sectors.
Secondly, the paper is also beneficial to the organizations used for the research. Since first hand data was gotten and analysed from the organization, they stand a chance to benefit directly from the findings of the study in respect to their various organizations. These findings will fast track growth and enable productivity in the organisations used as a case study.
Finally, the paper will serve as a guide to other researchers willing to research further into the subject matter. Through the conclusions, limitations and gaps identified in the subject matter, other student and independent researchers can have a well laid foundation to conduct further studies.
1.7 Scope of the Study
The study is delimited to warri metropolis. Findings and recommendations from the study reflects the views and opinions of respondents sampled in the area. It may not reflect the entire picture in the population.
1.8 Limitations of the Study
The major limitations of the research study are time, financial constraints and delays from respondents. The researcher had difficulties combining lectures with field work. Financial constraints in form of getting adequate funds and sponsors to print questionnaires, hold Focus group discussions and logistics was recorded. Finally, respondents were a bit reluctant in filling questionnaires and submitting them on time. This delayed the project work a bit.
1.9 Organization of the Study
The study is made up of five (5) Chapters. Chapter one of the study gives a general introduction to the subject matter, background to the problem as well as a detailed problem statement of the research. This chapter also sets the objectives of the paper in motion detailing out the significance and scope of the paper.
Chapter Two of the paper entails the review of related literature with regards to corporate governance and integrated reporting. This chapter outlines the conceptual reviews, theoretical reviews and empirical reviews of the study.
Chapter Three centers on the methodologies applied in the study. A more detailed explanation of the research design, population of the study, sample size and technique, data collection method and analysis is discussed in this chapter.
Chapter Four highlights data analysis and interpretation giving the readers a thorough room for the discussion of the practical and theoretical implications of data analyzed in the study.
Chapter Five outlines the findings, conclusions and recommendations of the study. Based on objectives set out, the researcher concludes the paper by answering all research questions set out in the study.
