THE IMPACT OF THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC ON MENTAL HEALTH IN NIGERIA (A CASE STUDY OF UYO METROPOLIS)

Table of Contents

ABSTRACT.. 2

CHAPTER ONE.. 5

INTRODUCTION.. 5

1.1 Background to the Study. 5

1.2 Statement of the Problem... 7

1.3 Objectives of the Study. 8

1.4 Research Questions. 8

1.5 Research Hypothesis. 9

1.6 Significance of the Study. 9

1.7 Scope of the Study. 10

1.8 Limitations of the Study. 10

1.9 Organization of the Study. 11

CHAPTER TWO.. 13

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE.. 13

2.1 Introduction.. 13

2.2 Theoretical Review.. 13

2.3 Conceptual Review.. 15

2.4 Empirical Review.. 18

2.5 2.5 Summary of Literature Review.. 20

Chapter Three. 20

Research Methodology. 20

3.1 Research Design.. 21

3.2 Area of the Study. 21

3.3 Population of the Study. 21

3.4 Sampling Technique. 22

3.5 Data Collection Instruments. 22

3.6 Data Collection Procedure. 22

3.7 Data Analysis. 22

3.8 Reliability and Validity of the Study. 23

3.9 Ethical Considerations. 24

3.10 Limitations. 24

CHAPTER FOUR.. 25

DATA PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION.. 25

4.2 DATA ANALYSIS.. 25

4.4       Testing Hypothesis. 40

Discussion of Findings. 41

CHAPTER FIVE.. 44

SUMMARY CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS.. 44

5.1 Summary of Findings. 44

5.2 Conclusion.. 45

5.3 Recommendations. 45

REFERENCES.. 47

Research Questionnaire on THE IMPACT OF THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC ON MENTAL HEALTH IN NIGERIA (A CASE STUDY OF UYO METROPOLIS). 50

 


 

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

1.1 Background to the Study

 

The COVID-19 pandemic has left an indelible mark on societies worldwide, transcending physical health implications to profoundly impact mental well-being. Nigeria, like many other nations, has grappled with the multifaceted challenges posed by the pandemic. The pandemic's toll on mental health in Nigeria is a critical concern, given the country's unique socio-economic and healthcare landscape. This introduction aims to delve into the intricate interplay between the pandemic and mental health in Nigeria, shedding light on the evolving challenges and potential interventions. Gureje et al. (2020)

 

The pandemic has exacerbated pre-existing mental health vulnerabilities in Nigeria, where issues such as poverty, limited access to mental health services, and social disparities were already prevalent. The stringent lockdown measures, economic downturn, and pervasive uncertainty have collectively contributed to heightened stress, anxiety, and depression among the population. Additionally, the impact on vulnerable groups, such as those with pre-existing mental health conditions, has been particularly pronounced. Understanding the socio-cultural nuances of mental health in Nigeria is essential to devising effective interventions that resonate with the local context.  Otu, A., Charles, C. H., Yaya, S. (2020).

 

Several studies have sought to quantify and analyze the impact of the pandemic on mental health in Nigeria. Research findings consistently highlight a surge in psychological distress and mental health disorders during the pandemic. A study conducted by Gureje et al. (2020) emphasized the increased prevalence of anxiety and depressive symptoms among Nigerians during the early months of the pandemic. Other studies, such as those by Aloba et al. (2021) and Otu et al. (2020), corroborate these findings, underlining the urgent need for mental health support and interventions tailored to the Nigerian context.

 

The Nigerian government, alongside non-governmental organizations and mental health professionals, has recognized the pressing need to address mental health challenges exacerbated by the pandemic. As the nation navigates the complex interplay of public health, economic, and social consequences of COVID-19, understanding and mitigating the mental health impact remains a crucial component of the overall response. This introduction sets the stage for a comprehensive exploration of the nuanced challenges and potential avenues for intervention in the realm of mental health in Nigeria amidst the backdrop of the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. World Health Organization. (2020).

 

1.2 Statement of the Problem

The COVID-19 pandemic has not only posed a significant threat to physical health but has also given rise to a profound impact on mental well-being, particularly in the context of Nigeria. With the imposition of lockdowns, social isolation, and the pervasive fear of infection, individuals across the country have been confronted with unprecedented challenges that have the potential to exacerbate pre-existing mental health issues and induce new ones. Nigeria, like many other nations, faces unique socio-economic and healthcare disparities that may amplify the psychological toll of the pandemic. Limited access to mental health resources, stigma associated with mental health conditions, and the strain on already fragile healthcare systems present critical issues that need to be addressed to effectively understand and mitigate the mental health implications of the COVID-19 crisis in Nigeria. Gureje et al. (2020)

 

The multifaceted impact of the pandemic on mental health extends beyond the immediate consequences of infection. Economic downturn, loss of livelihoods, disruptions in education, and the uncertainties surrounding the future have contributed to heightened stress, anxiety, and depression levels in the population. Furthermore, the stigmatization of those who have contracted the virus, coupled with the dissemination of misinformation, has fostered a climate of fear and contributed to the deterioration of mental health across diverse demographic groups. Recognizing and comprehensively addressing the mental health challenges induced or exacerbated by the COVID-19 pandemic in Nigeria is crucial for the development of effective interventions and support systems that can safeguard the well-being of the population in the short and long term. Otu, A., Charles, C. H., Yaya, S. (2020).

 

1.3 Objectives of the Study

The main objective of the study is to examine the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on mental health in Nigeria. Specific objectives of the study are:

  1. 1.  To assess the prevalence and types of mental health disorders amongst the Nigerian population during and after the COVID-19 pandemic.
  2. 2.  To identify the key socio-economic and demographic factors associated with increased vulnerability to mental health challenges during the pandemic in Nigeria.
  3. To evaluate the effectiveness and accessibility of existing mental health services in Nigeria for addressing the needs of individuals experiencing pandemic-related mental health issues.

1.4 Research Questions

To guide the study and achieve the objectives of the study, the following research questions were formulated:

  1. 1.  What are the prevalence rates of anxiety, depression, and other mental health disorders among Nigerians before, during, and after the COVID-19 pandemic, with breakdowns by age, gender, socioeconomic status, and location?
  2. 2.  How have factors such as unemployment, financial hardship, loss of loved ones, social isolation, and disrupted education during the pandemic contributed to increased vulnerability to mental health problems in specific Nigerian populations?
  3. To what extent are existing mental health services in Nigeria accessible and effective in treating individuals experiencing pandemic-related mental health issues, and what are the major barriers to accessing these services?

1.5 Research Hypothesis

The following research hypothesis was developed and tested for the study:

Ho: There is no statistical significant relationship between COVID-19 pandemic and mental health in Nigeria.

1.6 Significance of the Study

The study is important for many reasons. The following are the major stakeholders this paper through its practical and theoretical implications and findings will be of great significance:

Firstly, the paper will benefit major stakeholders and policy makers in the Psychology sector. The various analysis, findings and discussions outlined in this paper will serve as a guide in enabling major positive changes in the industry and sub-sectors.

Secondly, the paper is also beneficial to the organizations used for the research. Since first hand data was gotten and analysed from the organization, they stand a chance to benefit directly from the findings of the study in respect to their various organizations. These findings will fast track growth and enable productivity in the organisations used as a case study.

Finally, the paper will serve as a guide to other researchers willing to research further into the subject matter. Through the conclusions, limitations and gaps identified in the subject matter, other student and independent researchers can have a well laid foundation to conduct further studies.

1.7 Scope of the Study

The study is delimited to Uyo Metropolis. Findings and recommendations from the study reflects the views and opinions of respondents sampled in the area. It may not reflect the entire picture in the population.

1.8 Limitations of the Study

The major limitations of the research study are time, financial constraints and delays from respondents. The researcher had difficulties combining lectures with field work. Financial constraints in form of getting adequate funds and sponsors to print questionnaires, hold Focus group discussions and logistics was recorded. Finally, respondents were a bit reluctant in filling questionnaires and submitting them on time. This delayed the project work a bit.

1.9 Organization of the Study

The study is made up of five (5) Chapters. Chapter one of the study gives a general introduction to the subject matter, background to the problem as well as a detailed problem statement of the research. This chapter also sets the objectives of the paper in motion detailing out the significance and scope of the paper.

Chapter Two of the paper entails the review of related literature with regards to corporate governance and integrated reporting. This chapter outlines the conceptual reviews, theoretical reviews and empirical reviews of the study.

Chapter Three centers on the methodologies applied in the study. A more detailed explanation of the research design, population of the study, sample size and technique, data collection method and analysis is discussed in this chapter.

Chapter Four highlights data analysis and interpretation giving the readers a thorough room for the discussion of the practical and theoretical implications of data analyzed in the study.

Chapter Five outlines the findings, conclusions and recommendations of the study. Based on objectives set out, the researcher concludes the paper by answering all research questions set out in the study.