Table of Contents
CHAPTER ONE.. 5
INTRODUCTION.. 5
1.1 Background to the Study. 5
1.2 Statement of the Problem... 6
1.3 Objectives of the Study. 7
1.4 Research Questions. 8
1.5 Research Hypothesis. 8
1.6 Significance of the Study. 9
1.7 Scope of the Study. 9
1.8 Limitations of the Study. 10
1.9 Organization of the Study. 10
CHAPTER TWO.. 13
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE.. 13
2.1 Introduction.. 13
2.2 Theoretical Review.. 13
2.3 Conceptual Review.. 15
2.4 Empirical Review.. 18
2.5 Summary of Literature Review.. 20
Chapter Three. 20
Research Methodology. 20
3.1 Research Design.. 21
3.2 Study Setting. 21
3.3 Sampling. 21
3.4 Data Collection.. 22
3.5 Data Analysis. 22
3.6 Ethical Considerations. 23
3.7 Limitations. 23
3.8 Operationalization of the Variables. 23
CHAPTER FOUR.. 25
DATA ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION.. 25
4.1 Preamble. 25
4.2 Socio-Demographic Characteristics of Respondents. 26
TABLES BASED ON RESEARCH QUESTIONS.. 30
4.3 Analysis of the Respondents’ Views on Research Question one:. 30
Discussion of Findings. 43
CHAPTER FIVE.. 45
SUMMARY CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS.. 45
5.1 Summary of Findings. 45
5.2 Conclusion.. 46
5.3 Recommendations. 48
REFERENCES.. 49
Research Questionnaire. 51
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background to the Study
Nigeria, a country with a rich cultural heritage and diverse population, faces significant challenges related to poverty and inequality, which have profound implications for the mental health of its citizens. The link between socio-economic factors and mental well-being is complex and multifaceted, and understanding this connection is crucial for devising effective public health interventions. The purpose of this discussion is to explore the nuanced relationship between poverty, inequality, and mental health in Nigeria, shedding light on the unique challenges faced by individuals in this context. Lund, C., Breen, A., Flisher, A. J., Kakuma, R., Corrigall, J., Joska, J. A., & Patel, V. (2010).
Nigeria grapples with a high prevalence of poverty, as a substantial portion of its population struggles to meet basic needs such as access to quality healthcare, education, and housing. The insidious nature of poverty intertwines with mental health, contributing to heightened stress, anxiety, and depression among affected individuals. Moreover, the pervasive inequality within the country exacerbates these challenges, as disparities in income, education, and opportunities create a breeding ground for social and economic stressors that significantly impact mental health outcomes. Ovuga, E., Boardman, J., & Wasserman, D. (2006).
The cultural, social, and economic diversity within Nigeria further complicates the mental health landscape, necessitating a comprehensive understanding of the specific challenges faced by different regions and demographic groups. This discussion will draw on a range of scholarly sources to explore the diverse dimensions of poverty and inequality and their impact on mental health in Nigeria. By examining existing literature, this analysis aims to contribute to a more nuanced understanding of the factors shaping mental health outcomes, ultimately guiding the development of targeted interventions that address the unique needs of Nigeria's diverse population. World Bank. (2021).
1.2 Statement of the Problem
The impact of poverty and inequality on mental health in Nigeria is a pressing and multifaceted issue that requires urgent attention. Nigeria, like many other developing countries, grapples with high levels of poverty and income inequality, which have profound consequences for the mental well-being of its population. Individuals living in poverty often face limited access to basic necessities such as healthcare, education, and housing, exacerbating stressors and creating a breeding ground for mental health challenges. The lack of resources and opportunities further contributes to feelings of hopelessness, anxiety, and depression, creating a vicious cycle that hampers both individual and societal development. Lund, C., Breen, A., Flisher, A. J., Kakuma, R., Corrigall, J., Joska, J. A., & Patel, V. (2010).
Moreover, the stark disparities in wealth distribution and economic opportunities in Nigeria contribute to heightened social and economic inequalities, widening the mental health gap between different segments of the population. The burden of mental health issues is disproportionately borne by those with lower socioeconomic status, perpetuating a cycle of disadvantage and hindering the overall progress of the nation. Addressing the impact of poverty and inequality on mental health in Nigeria requires comprehensive strategies that encompass social, economic, and healthcare reforms to ensure that vulnerable populations receive the support they need to break the chains of poverty and foster a mentally healthier society. Ovuga, E., Boardman, J., & Wasserman, D. (2006).
1.3 Objectives of the Study
The main objective of the study is to examine the impact of poverty and inequality on mental health in Nigeria. Specific objectives of the study are:
- To examine the prevalence and types of mental health disorders most prevalent among individuals living in poverty and experiencing inequality in Nigeria.
- To explore the social and psychological pathways through which poverty and inequality contribute to mental health challenges in Nigeria.
- To evaluate the cultural and contextual factors shaping the relationship between poverty, inequality, and mental health in Nigeria.
1.4 Research Questions
To guide the study and achieve the objectives of the study, the following research questions were formulated:
- Are there significant differences in the prevalence and type of mental health disorders between individuals living in poverty and those in higher socioeconomic strata in Nigeria?
- What are the primary stressors and experiences associated with poverty and inequality that contribute to poor mental health outcomes in Nigeria?
- How do traditional beliefs, stigma surrounding mental illness, and family dynamics within Nigerian communities influence the ways individuals living in poverty experience and cope with mental health challenges?
1.5 Research Hypothesis
The following research hypothesis was developed and tested for the study:
Ho: There is no statistical significant relationship between poverty and inequality and mental health in Nigeria.
1.6 Significance of the Study
The study is important for many reasons. The following are the major stakeholders this paper through its practical and theoretical implications and findings will be of great significance:
Firstly, the paper will benefit major stakeholders and policy makers in the Psychology sector. The various analysis, findings and discussions outlined in this paper will serve as a guide in enabling major positive changes in the industry and sub-sectors.
Secondly, the paper is also beneficial to the organizations used for the research. Since first hand data was gotten and analysed from the organization, they stand a chance to benefit directly from the findings of the study in respect to their various organizations. These findings will fast track growth and enable productivity in the organisations used as a case study.
Finally, the paper will serve as a guide to other researchers willing to research further into the subject matter. Through the conclusions, limitations and gaps identified in the subject matter, other student and independent researchers can have a well laid foundation to conduct further studies.
1.7 Scope of the Study
The study is delimited to Uyo Metropolis. Findings and recommendations from the study reflects the views and opinions of respondents sampled in the area. It may not reflect the entire picture in the population.
1.8 Limitations of the Study
The major limitations of the research study are time, financial constraints and delays from respondents. The researcher had difficulties combining lectures with field work. Financial constraints in form of getting adequate funds and sponsors to print questionnaires, hold Focus group discussions and logistics was recorded. Finally, respondents were a bit reluctant in filling questionnaires and submitting them on time. This delayed the project work a bit.
1.9 Organization of the Study
The study is made up of five (5) Chapters. Chapter one of the study gives a general introduction to the subject matter, background to the problem as well as a detailed problem statement of the research. This chapter also sets the objectives of the paper in motion detailing out the significance and scope of the paper.
Chapter Two of the paper entails the review of related literature with regards to corporate governance and integrated reporting. This chapter outlines the conceptual reviews, theoretical reviews and empirical reviews of the study.
Chapter Three centers on the methodologies applied in the study. A more detailed explanation of the research design, population of the study, sample size and technique, data collection method and analysis is discussed in this chapter.
Chapter Four highlights data analysis and interpretation giving the readers a thorough room for the discussion of the practical and theoretical implications of data analyzed in the study.
Chapter Five outlines the findings, conclusions and recommendations of the study. Based on objectives set out, the researcher concludes the paper by answering all research questions set out in the study.
