Table of Contents
Abstract. 2
CHAPTER ONE.. 5
INTRODUCTION.. 5
1.1 Background to the Study.. 5
.. 6
1.2 Statement of the Problem... 6
1.3 Objectives of the Study.. 7
1.4 Research Questions. 8
1.5 Research Hypothesis. 8
1.6 Significance of the Study.. 8
1.7 Scope of the Study.. 9
1.8 Limitations of the Study.. 9
1.9 Organization of the Study.. 10
1.10 Definition of Terms. 11
CHAPTER TWO.. 14
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE.. 14
2.1 Introduction.. 14
2.2 Theoretical Review.. 14
2.2.1 Gender Role Theory. 14
2.2.2 Human Capital Theory. 14
2.2.3 Institutional Theory. 15
2.2.4 Resource-Based View (RBV) Theory. 15
2.3 Conceptual Review.. 15
2.4 Empirical Review.. 19
2.5 Summary of Literature Review.. 21
Chapter Three.. 22
Research Methodology.. 22
Introduction.. 22
Research Design.. 22
Population of the Study.. 22
Sample Size and Sampling Techniques. 23
Data Collection Methods. 23
Validation of the Instrument. 24
Data Collection Procedure.. 24
Data Analysis Procedures. 24
Ethical Considerations. 25
Limitations of the Study.. 25
Conclusion.. 25
CHAPTER FOUR.. 26
DATA ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION.. 26
4.1 Preamble.. 26
4.2 Socio-Demographic Characteristics of Respondents. 27
TABLES BASED ON RESEARCH QUESTIONS.. 33
4.3 Analysis of the Respondents’ Views on Research Question one:. 33
Discussion of Findings. 47
CHAPTER FIVE.. 50
SUMMARY CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS.. 50
5.1 Summary of Findings. 50
5.2 Conclusion.. 51
5.3 Recommendations. 51
REFERENCES.. 53
Research Questionnaire: Assessment of the Challenges and Opportunities of Entrepreneurship for Women and Youths in Nigeria (A Case Study of Warri Metropolis) 56
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background to the Study
Assessing the challenges and opportunities of entrepreneurship for women and youths in Nigeria unveils a complex landscape shaped by socioeconomic factors, cultural norms, and institutional barriers. Nigeria, as Africa's most populous nation, presents a dynamic yet challenging environment for entrepreneurial endeavors, particularly for marginalized groups such as women and youths. This introduction explores the multifaceted nature of these challenges and opportunities, aiming to provide a comprehensive understanding of the entrepreneurial ecosystem in Nigeria today.
Entrepreneurship among women in Nigeria faces numerous hurdles, including limited access to finance, cultural biases, and a lack of adequate support structures. Despite these challenges, there exists a growing recognition of the transformative potential of female entrepreneurship in driving economic growth and social development. The empowerment of women entrepreneurs not only enhances gender equality but also contributes significantly to poverty alleviation and community resilience (Adeola & Evans, 2021).
Similarly, Nigerian youths encounter distinctive obstacles on their entrepreneurial journey, ranging from educational deficiencies to high unemployment rates and insufficient infrastructural support. However, the youth demographic also represents a vibrant source of innovation and creativity, capable of harnessing technological advancements and digital platforms to leapfrog traditional barriers to entry (Adeniran et al., 2020). Addressing these challenges requires tailored strategies that integrate education, mentorship, and policy reforms to foster a conducive environment for youth-led entrepreneurship.
In examining the opportunities amidst these challenges, it becomes evident that advancements in technology, digital connectivity, and evolving consumer behaviors offer new avenues for entrepreneurial growth in Nigeria (Ayoade et al., 2023). The proliferation of mobile technology, for instance, has facilitated the rise of e-commerce platforms and fintech solutions, presenting unprecedented opportunities for agile entrepreneurs to scale their ventures nationally and globally. Moreover, initiatives promoting gender mainstreaming and youth empowerment in entrepreneurship have gained momentum, signaling a positive shift towards inclusive economic development (Eze & Kalu, 2022).
1.2 Statement of the Problem
The assessment of challenges and opportunities facing women and youths in entrepreneurship within Nigeria reveals a pressing issue exacerbated by multifaceted barriers. Women entrepreneurs in Nigeria encounter significant hurdles such as limited access to financial resources, gender biases in accessing markets and networks, and cultural norms that discourage female economic participation (Adeola & Evans, 2021). These challenges contribute to a stark gender disparity in entrepreneurial activities, despite evidence suggesting that empowering women economically can significantly boost overall societal welfare and economic growth (Eze & Kalu, 2022).
For Nigerian youths, the landscape of entrepreneurship is equally challenging, marked by high unemployment rates, inadequate skills training, and limited access to capital and mentorship opportunities (Adeniran et al., 2020). The youth demographic, although highly innovative and digitally savvy, faces systemic barriers that hinder their full participation in the entrepreneurial ecosystem. These barriers not only impede individual economic advancement but also constrain the country's potential to harness demographic dividends through youth-led entrepreneurial initiatives. Addressing these challenges requires a nuanced understanding of the interplay between policy frameworks, educational reforms, and targeted support programs tailored to the unique needs of young entrepreneurs in Nigeria.
1.3 Objectives of the Study
The main objective of the study is to examine Assessment of The challenges and opportunities of entrepreneurship for women and youths in Nigeria. Specific objectives of the study are:
- To analyze the Impact of Socio-Cultural Factors
- To evaluate Financial and Business Constraints
- To explore Opportunities and Support Mechanisms
1.4 Research Questions
To guide the study and achieve the objectives of the study, the following research questions were formulated:
- How do traditional gender roles and societal expectations influence the entrepreneurial aspirations and activities of women in Nigeria?
- To what extent do limitations in access to funding hinder the growth and sustainability of women- and youth-led businesses in Nigeria?
- What are the emerging sectors and industries that present promising opportunities for young and women entrepreneurs in Nigeria?
1.5 Research Hypothesis
The following research hypothesis was developed and tested for the study:
Ho: There is no significant difference in the challenges faced by women and youths in entrepreneurship in Nigeria.
1.6 Significance of the Study
The study is important for many reasons. The following are the major stakeholders this paper through its practical and theoretical implications and findings will be of great significance:
Firstly, the paper will benefit major stakeholders and policy makers in the Entrepreneurship sector. The various analysis, findings and discussions outlined in this paper will serve as a guide in enabling major positive changes in the industry and sub-sectors.
Secondly, the paper is also beneficial to the organizations used for the research. Since first hand data was gotten and analysed from the organization, they stand a chance to benefit directly from the findings of the study in respect to their various organizations. These findings will fast track growth and enable productivity in the organisations used as a case study.
Finally, the paper will serve as a guide to other researchers willing to research further into the subject matter. Through the conclusions, limitations and gaps identified in the subject matter, other student and independent researchers can have a well laid foundation to conduct further studies.
1.7 Scope of the Study
The study is delimited to Women and youth in Warri metropolis. Findings and recommendations from the study reflects the views and opinions of respondents sampled in the area. It may not reflect the entire picture in the population.
1.8 Limitations of the Study
The major limitations of the research study are time, financial constraints and delays from respondents. The researcher had difficulties combining lectures with field work. Financial constraints in form of getting adequate funds and sponsors to print questionnaires, hold Focus group discussions and logistics was recorded. Finally, respondents were a bit reluctant in filling questionnaires and submitting them on time. This delayed the project work a bit.
1.9 Organization of the Study
The study is made up of five (5) Chapters. Chapter one of the study gives a general introduction to the subject matter, background to the problem as well as a detailed problem statement of the research. This chapter also sets the objectives of the paper in motion detailing out the significance and scope of the paper.
Chapter Two of the paper entails the review of related literature with regards to corporate governance and integrated reporting. This chapter outlines the conceptual reviews, theoretical reviews and empirical reviews of the study.
Chapter Three centers on the methodologies applied in the study. A more detailed explanation of the research design, population of the study, sample size and technique, data collection method and analysis is discussed in this chapter.
Chapter Four highlights data analysis and interpretation giving the readers a thorough room for the discussion of the practical and theoretical implications of data analyzed in the study.
Chapter Five outlines the findings, conclusions and recommendations of the study. Based on objectives set out, the researcher concludes the paper by answering all research questions set out in the study.
1.10 Definition of Terms
1. Entrepreneurship
The process of identifying, creating, and pursuing opportunities for innovation and value creation through the establishment and management of a business venture, often characterized by risk-taking and initiative.
2. Challenges
Obstacles, difficulties, or barriers that hinder the initiation, growth, or sustainability of entrepreneurial activities, such as lack of access to finance, regulatory constraints, and cultural biases.
3. Opportunities
Favorable circumstances, trends, or situations within the entrepreneurial ecosystem that can be leveraged for the establishment and growth of businesses, including technological advancements, market gaps, and supportive policies.
4. Women Entrepreneurship
The involvement of women in entrepreneurial activities, encompassing the initiation, management, and expansion of businesses, often in the face of gender-specific challenges such as access to resources and societal norms.
5. Youth Entrepreneurship
Entrepreneurial activities undertaken by individuals typically within the age range of 18 to 35 years, characterized by innovation, adaptability to technological changes, and challenges related to access to education, finance, and mentorship.
6. Socioeconomic Factors
Variables related to social and economic conditions that influence entrepreneurship, including income levels, educational attainment, employment opportunities, and access to infrastructure and services.
7. Policy Interventions
Governmental or organizational actions designed to influence the entrepreneurial environment by addressing challenges and enhancing opportunities through regulatory frameworks, financial incentives, education programs, and support services.
