Table of Contents
Abstract. 2
CHAPTER ONE.. 5
INTRODUCTION.. 5
1.1 Background of the Study.. 5
1.2 Statement of the Problem... 6
1.3 Objectives of the Study.. 7
1.4 Research Questions. 7
1.5 Research Hypothesis. 8
1.6 Significance of the Study.. 8
1.7 Scope of the Study.. 9
1.8 Limitations of the Study.. 9
1.9 Organization of the Study.. 9
1.10 Definition of Terms. 10
CHAPTER TWO.. 13
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE.. 13
2.1 Theoretical Framework.. 14
2.2 Conceptual Review.. 17
2.3 Summary of Related Literature Reviewed.. 32
Chapter Three.. 33
Research Methodology.. 33
3.1 Introduction.. 33
3.2 Research Design.. 33
3.3 Population of the Study.. 33
3.4 Sample Size and Sampling Technique.. 34
3.5 Instrumentation.. 34
3.6 Data Collection Procedure.. 35
3.7 Validity and Reliability of the Instrument. 35
3.8 Data Analysis Techniques. 35
3.9 Ethical Considerations. 36
3.10 Limitations of the Methodology.. 36
3.11 Conclusion.. 36
The table above shows the bio data of the respondents used for the study and that of their parents and their percentages.. 40
TABLES BASED ON RESEARCH QUESTIONS.. 40
4.3 Analysis of the Respondents’ Views on Research Question one:. 40
4.4 Testing Hypothesis. 56
Discussion of Findings. 58
CHAPTER FIVE.. 62
SUMMARY CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS.. 62
5.1 Summary.. 62
5.2 Conclusion.. 63
5.3 Recommendations. 64
References. 66
Questionnaire on "THE INFLUENCE OF PARENTAL BACKGROUND ON STUDENTS’ ATTITUDE TOWARDS EDUCATION IN UYO LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA.". 73
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background of the Study
The attitude of students towards education is a crucial factor influencing success in learning. Education is widely recognized as a foundational legacy parents can provide for their children, contributing to the development of the nation. The philosophy and objectives of education in Nigeria emphasize the integration of individuals into sound and effective citizens, promoting equal educational opportunities at all levels. However, various factors, such as classroom conditions, teacher-student relationships, school-community interactions, teacher attitudes, student seriousness, and the availability of instructional materials, impact the quality of education.
This study is motivated by the recognition that students exhibit varying attitudes towards education, with family background playing a significant role. The family is considered a primary agent of socialization, shaping a child's values and perceptions. Socio-economic backgrounds, cultural diversity, family size, occupation, and religious beliefs contribute to the cultural setting of the family. The family's socializing influence significantly molds a child's personality, impacting their educational upbringing.
Diverse ethnic groups and cultural backgrounds in Nigeria, with variations in family size, occupation, and beliefs, pose challenges to educational upbringing. The social setting and family structure can influence a child's attitude and educational development. Motivation is a key factor in achieving higher levels of performance, and the family background, including parental involvement, support, and incentives, plays a crucial role in motivating students.
Factors like family size, economic status, parental involvement, and stimuli from the home environment contribute to students' attitudes toward learning. The economic position of parents, especially low-income families facing challenges like malnutrition, affects a child's physical and mental development, impacting educational outcomes.
1.2 Statement of the Problem
The attitude of students toward education is a matter of concern for parents, school managers, policymakers, and governments responsible for education. Differences among students in terms of prompt payment of school fees, provision of school uniforms, access to educational materials, and proper nutrition can influence academic performance. Some students face challenges related to family background, affecting their engagement and success in education.
This research aims to investigate whether parental background has a significant influence on students' attitudes toward education in Uyo Local Government Area. Understanding these influences is crucial for developing effective strategies to address challenges and enhance the overall educational experience for students.
1.3 Objectives of the Study
Specific objectives of the study are:
- To identify the parental background factors that most strongly influence students' attitude towards education.
- To examine the relative importance of these parental background factors in predicting students' attitude towards education.
- To develop recommendations for parents and policymakers on how to support students in developing a positive attitude towards education.
1.4 Research Questions
To guide the study and achieve the objectives of the study, the following research questions were formulated:
- What parental background factors (e.g., parental education level, parental income, parental occupation, family structure) are most strongly associated with students' attitude towards education?
- How do these parental background factors relate to students' attitude towards education at different levels of other student characteristics, such as demographics, academic achievement, and motivation?
- Do any parental background factors moderate the relationship between other student characteristics and attitude towards education?
1.5 Research Hypothesis
The following research hypothesis was developed and tested for the study:
Ho: There is no statistical significant relationship between parental background and students’ attitude towards education.
Hi: There is a statistical significant relationship between parental background and students’ attitude towards education.
1.6 Significance of the Study
The study is important for many reasons. The following are the major stakeholders this paper through its practical and theoretical implications and findings will be of great significance:
Firstly, the paper will benefit major stakeholders and policy makers in the education sector. The various analysis, findings and discussions outlined in this paper will serve as a guide in enabling major positive changes in the industry and sub-sectors.
Secondly, the paper is also beneficial to the organizations used for the research. Since first hand data was gotten and analysed from the organization, they stand a chance to benefit directly from the findings of the study in respect to their various organizations. These findings will fast track growth and enable productivity in the organisations used as a case study.
Finally, the paper will serve as a guide to other researchers willing to research further into the subject matter. Through the conclusions, limitations and gaps identified in the subject matter, other student and independent researchers can have a well laid foundation to conduct further studies.
1.7 Scope of the Study
The study is delimited to sampled respondents in Uyo Metropolis. Findings and recommendations from the study reflects the views and opinions of respondents sampled in the area. It may not reflect the entire picture in the population.
1.8 Limitations of the Study
The major limitations of the research study are time, financial constraints and delays from respondents. The researcher had difficulties combining lectures with field work. Financial constraints in form of getting adequate funds and sponsors to print questionnaires, hold Focus group discussions and logistics was recorded. Finally, respondents were a bit reluctant in filling questionnaires and submitting them on time. This delayed the project work a bit.
1.9 Organization of the Study
The study is made up of five (5) Chapters. Chapter one of the study gives a general introduction to the subject matter, background to the problem as well as a detailed problem statement of the research. This chapter also sets the objectives of the paper in motion detailing out the significance and scope of the paper.
Chapter Two of the paper entails the review of related literature with regards to corporate governance and integrated reporting. This chapter outlines the conceptual reviews, theoretical reviews and empirical reviews of the study.
Chapter Three centers on the methodologies applied in the study. A more detailed explanation of the research design, population of the study, sample size and technique, data collection method and analysis is discussed in this chapter.
Chapter Four highlights data analysis and interpretation giving the readers a thorough room for the discussion of the practical and theoretical implications of data analyzed in the study.
Chapter Five outlines the findings, conclusions and recommendations of the study. Based on objectives set out, the researcher concludes the paper by answering all research questions set out in the study.
1.10 Definition of Terms
- Influence:
- Influence refers to the capacity of parental background to shape or impact the attitudes and behaviors of students toward their education. This includes factors such as parents' education level, socioeconomic status, and cultural values that may affect a student's perspective on learning.
- Parental Background:
- Parental background encompasses the socio-economic, educational, and cultural characteristics of a student's parents or guardians. This includes factors such as parental education level, occupation, income, and family structure.
- Students' Attitude towards Education:
- Students' attitude towards education reflects their feelings, beliefs, and behaviors concerning the learning process. This includes aspects such as motivation, interest, and commitment to academic activities.
- Socioeconomic Status (SES):
- Socioeconomic status refers to an individual or family's position within the social and economic hierarchy. It encompasses factors such as income, occupation, and education level and is often considered a key component of parental background.
- Parental Education Level:
- Parental education level indicates the highest level of education completed by a student's parents. This factor is a crucial element of parental background and can significantly influence a student's educational aspirations and attitudes.
- Cultural Values:
- Cultural values represent the beliefs, customs, and traditions that characterize a particular social group or family. The influence of parental background on students' attitudes towards education includes the impact of cultural values on educational priorities and expectations.
- Family Structure:
- Family structure refers to the composition and organization of a student's family, including aspects such as nuclear families, single-parent households, or extended families. The structure of the family can affect the level of support and resources available to a student.
- Motivation:
- Motivation refers to the inner drive or incentive that compels individuals to pursue specific goals. In the context of education, parental background can influence students' motivation to succeed academically.
- Aspirations:
- Aspirations represent the goals and ambitions that students set for themselves in terms of education and future career paths. Parental background can play a role in shaping students' aspirations by influencing their perceptions of what is achievable.
- Educational Environment:
- Educational environment encompasses the overall atmosphere and conditions within a student's educational surroundings, including home and school. The influence of parental background on the educational environment explores how factors such as parental involvement and support contribute to a positive or negative learning atmosphere.
