Table of Contents
Abstract. 2
CHAPTER ONE.. 6
INTRODUCTION.. 6
1.1 Background of the Study:. 6
1.2 Statement of the Problem:. 7
PURPOSE OF THE STUDY.. 7
1.4 RESEARCH QUESTIONS.. 8
1.5 HYPOTHESES.. 9
1.7 SCOPE OF THE STUDY.. 10
1.8 OPERATIONAL DEFINITION OF TERMS.. 11
CHAPTER TWO.. 13
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE.. 13
2.1 INTRODUCTION.. 13
2.2.1 THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK.. 13
2.2.2 CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK.. 16
2.3 EMPIRICAL STUDIES.. 26
2.4 SUMMARY.. 30
Chapter Three. 32
Research Methodology. 32
3.1 Introduction.. 32
3.2 Research Design.. 32
3.3 Population of the Study. 32
3.4 Sample Size and Sampling Technique. 32
3.5 Instrumentation.. 33
3.6 Validity of the Instrument. 33
3.7 Reliability of the Instrument. 34
3.8 Data Collection Procedures. 34
3.9 Data Analysis Techniques. 34
3.10 Ethical Considerations. 34
Conclusion.. 35
CHAPTER FOUR.. 35
DATA ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION.. 35
4.1 Preamble. 35
4.2 Socio-Demographic Characteristics of Respondents. 36
TABLES BASED ON RESEARCH QUESTIONS.. 39
4.3 Analysis of the Respondents’ Views on Research Question one:. 39
4.4 Testing Hypothesis. 53
Hypothesis One. 54
Hypothesis two. 56
Discussion of Findings. 62
CHAPTER FIVE.. 66
SUMMARY CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS.. 66
5.1 Summary of Findings. 66
5.2 Conclusion.. 67
5.3 Recommendations. 67
REFERENCES.... 69
Research Questionnaire: The Influence of Family Background on Academic Achievement of Secondary School Students in Physics in Eket Local Government Area of Akwa Ibom State 71
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background of the Study:
1.1 Background of the Study:
Education serves as a fundamental tool for the transmission of societal values, and its significance extends beyond governmental and voluntary agencies to individuals, families, governments, and communities. Recognizing education as a key investment, governments and voluntary agencies allocate substantial resources to the educational enterprise (Orhungur, 1990). The belief is that the prosperity of a nation hinges on the qualities, attitudes, and aspirations of its people.
Despite advancements in teaching facilities, modern infrastructures, qualified teachers, and improved teaching methods, concerns persist regarding the continuous decline in academic standards within the educational system. Factors such as teachers' attitudes, students' lack of seriousness, economic challenges, and a deteriorating moral system have been cited as contributors to this decline. Despite efforts by governments and voluntary agencies, the desired positive change has been elusive.
The family background of students emerges as a significant factor influencing academic performance. Variations in academic scores often correlate with family backgrounds, prompting the need for an examination of the levels of influence these factors exert on children. Socio-economic backgrounds, cultural influences, family size, occupation, and settlement patterns contribute to the shaping of a child's personality and educational upbringing (Orhungur, 1990).
Motivation, a crucial element in achieving efficient performance, is influenced by family background. Positive family environments, characterized by interest, support, and the provision of necessary resources, contribute to a child's academic success. The cultural background, settlement, and social system of the family play pivotal roles in molding a child's personality and educational trajectory (Orhungur, 1990).
1.2 Statement of the Problem:
The continuous decline in academic standards within the educational system raises concerns about the factors contributing to this trend. While teaching facilities and resources have improved, a significant disparity exists in students' academic performance. The researchers aim to investigate the relationship between family background and students' academic performance in Gboko local area.
The performance variations among students, influenced by factors such as prompt payment of school fees, access to school uniforms, parental motivation through educational materials, and students' nutritional status, prompt an exploration of the impact of family background on academic outcomes. The study seeks to identify and understand the role of family-related factors in shaping students' educational achievements and to provide valuable insights for parents, teachers, educational planners, and policymakers.
PURPOSE OF THE STUDY
There is no gain for any country whose educational planners and policy makers stands and watch the falling standard and steady decline of education at a given rate. They must identify the causes for such decline with a view of proffering solution to them.
This research work is set to accomplish the following objectives;
i. To determine the influence of socio-economic status of parents on academic achievement of secondary school students in physics in Eket Local Government Area.
ii. To determine the influence of educational attainment of parents on academic achievement of secondary school students in physics in Eket Local Government Area.
- To determine the influence of family size on academic achievement of secondary school students in physics in Eket Local Government Area.
iv. To determine the influence of parental support on academic achievement of secondary school students in physics in Eket Local Government Area.
1.4 RESEARCH QUESTIONS
For the purpose of this research work the following research questions have been formulated;
i. Does socio-economic status of parent influence the academic achievement of secondary school students in physics in Eket Local Government Area.
ii. Does educational attainment of parent influence the academic achievement of secondary school students in physics in Eket Local Government Area.
- Does family size influence the academic achievement of secondary school students in physics in Eket Local Government Area.
iv. Does parental support influence the academic achievement of secondary school students in physics in Eket Local Government Area.
1.5 HYPOTHESES
The following hypotheses will be tested to guide this study;
i. There is no significant influence between socio-economic status of parents and educational achievement of secondary school student in physics in Eket local Government Area.
ii. There is no significant influence between educational attainment of parents and educational achievement of secondary school student in physics in Eket local Government Area.
- There is no significant influence between family size and educational achievement of secondary school student in physics in Eket local Government Area.
iv. There is no significant influence between parental support and educational achievement of secondary school student in physics in Eket local Government Area.
1.6 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY The work of this nature when completed may help the parents to be aware of the effect the family has on children and how such affect the child positively or negatively in relation to their academic performance. From the available recommendations, they will be able to adopt measures of bringing up there in such a way that they will perform well academically. Similarly, it is likely to encourage parents to make their children relatively comfortable in schools. This study also could aid children of various families to be aware and bear in mind with their parents in ability to provide them with all the necessary requirements in schools, and also sympathize with them in family problems and situations.
More so, educational and curriculum planners could be guided in planning the curriculum without rigidity to suit diverse cultural environments. In addition, the teachers would be aware that a cordial teacher parent relationship may in a way improve the influence of family background on the academic performance of a child in school.
The research of this nature is likely to help the state, nation and the world in general benefit from as adherence to the recommendations and implementation will help produce youths who would be better leaders of tomorrow.
Finally, the research when completed may add to available literature and may encourage further research on the topic.
1.7 SCOPE OF THE STUDY
The study is likely to be confined to senior secondary school (SS2) students of the selected schools. This is because (SS2) is where a student focuses on his/her subject area. If family background affects students in (SS2), it is assumed that likely to affect their performances in senior secondary school certificates examinations and even worst in their higher academic performance.
1.8 OPERATIONAL DEFINITION OF TERMS
As words may mean differently in different contexts, the following definitions are given as the words used as intended to be understood for the purpose of this study.
FAMILY: Is a unit comprising of husband, wife and children.
FAMILY SIZE: The number of people in the family.
FAMILY SYSTEM: This includes monogamy and may be nuclear or extended family.
HOME ENVIRONMENT: This refers to parental experience and aspirations for children, objects and material conditions in the home for comfort and also specific behavioral processes conducive to learning.
EDUCATIONAL UPBRINGING: This refers to education of children and how they perform in academics when subjected to test or examination.
EDUCATIONAL STATUS: This term is used for social processes in which one achieve social competence and individual growth, carried on in a selected, controlled sitting which can be institutionalized as a school or college.
OCCUPATIONAL STATUS: Person’s trade, vocation or principal means of earning living.
SOCIO-ECONOMIC STATUS: This refers to position of recognition which one finds him in the society. Such a position may not be hereditary but acquired through personal efforts like education, wealth, occupation and social class.
ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE: This refers to the students’ achievement, scores within the class and his position relative to all those subjected the same test.
INFLUENCE: The act or process of inferring by deduction or induction
