Table of Contents
Abstract. 2
CHAPTER ONE.. 5
INTRODUCTION.. 5
1.1 Background to the Study.. 5
1.2 Statement of the Problem... 6
1.3 Objectives of the Study.. 7
1.4 Research Questions. 7
1.5 Research Hypothesis. 8
1.6 Significance of the Study.. 8
1.7 Scope of the Study.. 9
1.8 Limitations of the Study.. 9
1.9 Organization of the Study.. 9
1.10 Definition of Terms. 10
CHAPTER TWO.. 14
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE.. 14
2.1 Introduction.. 14
2.2 Theoretical Review.. 14
2.2.1 Resource-Based View (RBV) Theory.. 14
2.2.2 Transaction Cost Economics (TCE) Theory.. 15
2.2.3 Institutional Theory.. 15
2.2.4 Contingency Theory.. 15
2.3 Conceptual Review.. 16
2.3.1 Overview of Key Concepts. 16
2.3.2 Current State of Logistics Infrastructure. 16
2.3.3 Regulatory Environment. 16
2.3.4 Technological Innovations. 17
2.3.5 Role of Logistics in E-commerce. 17
2.3.6 Supply Chain Resilience. 17
2.3.7 Environmental Sustainability. 18
2.3.8 Human Capital Development. 18
2.3.9 Globalization and Supply Chain Integration. 18
2.4 Empirical Review.. 18
2.5 Summary of Literature Review.. 20
Chapter Three.. 21
Research Methodology.. 21
Introduction.. 21
Research Design.. 21
Population of the Study.. 22
Sample Size and Sampling Techniques. 22
Data Collection Methods. 22
Research Instruments. 23
Validity and Reliability.. 23
Data Analysis Techniques. 23
Ethical Considerations. 24
Conclusion.. 24
CHAPTER FOUR.. 25
DATA ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION.. 25
4.1 Preamble.. 25
4.2 Socio-Demographic Characteristics of Respondents. 25
TABLES BASED ON RESEARCH QUESTIONS.. 29
4.3 Analysis of the Respondents’ Views on Research Question one:. 29
Discussion of Findings. 46
CHAPTER FIVE.. 48
SUMMARY CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS.. 48
5.1 Summary of Findings. 48
5.2 Conclusion.. 48
5.3 Recommendations. 49
REFERENCE.. 50
Detailed Questionnaire for your project titled "Assessment of the Role of Logistics and Supply Chain Management in Nigerian Commerce (A Case Study of DHL Nigeria)" 54
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background to the Study
Logistics and Supply Chain Management (SCM) play pivotal roles in shaping the landscape of commerce in Nigeria, a country characterized by its diverse economic activities and regional disparities. As a critical component of business operations, effective logistics and SCM strategies are essential for enhancing efficiency, reducing costs, and improving overall competitiveness in the Nigerian market. The complexities of Nigeria's geography, infrastructure challenges, and varying levels of technological adoption underscore the significance of robust logistics and SCM frameworks tailored to local conditions (Bello, 2020).
The Nigerian business environment is characterized by its dynamic nature, influenced by factors such as government policies, infrastructural limitations, and socio-economic dynamics. These factors necessitate adaptive SCM practices that can navigate regulatory frameworks and optimize resource allocation across the supply chain (Ajayi & Awotunde, 2018). Moreover, the role of logistics extends beyond operational efficiency to encompass strategic decision-making, risk management, and responsiveness to market demands, thereby influencing overall business performance and customer satisfaction (Olorunniwo et al., 2021).
In recent years, technological advancements have begun to revolutionize logistics and SCM practices in Nigeria, with innovations such as blockchain, IoT, and AI gaining traction to enhance transparency, traceability, and operational agility (Oke & Ismaila, 2019). These technologies are pivotal in addressing longstanding challenges such as inventory management, last-mile delivery, and supply chain visibility in a country where infrastructural deficits have historically posed significant barriers to efficient logistics operations (Adesina & Adegboyega, 2022).
1.2 Statement of the Problem
The role of logistics and supply chain management (SCM) in Nigerian commerce presents a multifaceted problem influenced by diverse factors such as infrastructural deficiencies, regulatory challenges, and technological limitations. Nigeria's vast geographical expanse and uneven distribution of infrastructure pose significant hurdles to the efficient movement of goods and services across the country (Olorunniwo et al., 2021). These infrastructural inadequacies not only impede the smooth flow of goods but also escalate operational costs and lead to delays in delivery times, thereby affecting overall business competitiveness and customer satisfaction levels (Adesina & Adegboyega, 2022).
Furthermore, regulatory complexities within Nigeria's business environment introduce another layer of challenge for logistics and SCM practitioners. Navigating bureaucratic procedures, customs regulations, and compliance requirements often result in delays and increased costs associated with import/export processes and distribution logistics (Ajayi & Awotunde, 2018). These regulatory bottlenecks not only hamper supply chain efficiency but also create uncertainties that impact inventory management, production planning, and ultimately, the profitability of businesses operating in Nigeria.
1.3 Objectives of the Study
The main objective of the study is to examine Assessment of the Role of Logistics and Supply Chain Management in Nigerian Commerce. Specific objectives of the study are:
- To evaluate the impact of logistics infrastructure on supply chain efficiency in Nigeria
- To assess the adoption of technology in logistics and supply chain management by Nigerian businesses
- To analyze the role of logistics and supply chain management in the growth of e-commerce in Nigeria
1.4 Research Questions
To guide the study and achieve the objectives of the study, the following research questions were formulated:
- How do deficiencies in transportation infrastructure roads, railways affect the movement of goods within Nigeria's supply chains?
- What are the primary challenges faced by Nigerian businesses in implementing technology solutions for logistics and supply chain management?
- In what ways do logistics and supply chain management practices influence customer satisfaction and purchasing behavior in Nigerian e-commerce?
1.5 Research Hypothesis
The following research hypothesis was developed and tested for the study:
Ho: There is no significant relationship between logistics and supply chain management practices and business performance in Nigerian commerce.
1.6 Significance of the Study
The study is important for many reasons. The following are the major stakeholders this paper through its practical and theoretical implications and findings will be of great significance:
Firstly, the paper will benefit major stakeholders and policy makers in the Commerce sector. The various analysis, findings and discussions outlined in this paper will serve as a guide in enabling major positive changes in the industry and sub-sectors.
Secondly, the paper is also beneficial to the organizations used for the research. Since first hand data was gotten and analysed from the organization, they stand a chance to benefit directly from the findings of the study in respect to their various organizations. These findings will fast track growth and enable productivity in the organisations used as a case study.
Finally, the paper will serve as a guide to other researchers willing to research further into the subject matter. Through the conclusions, limitations and gaps identified in the subject matter, other student and independent researchers can have a well laid foundation to conduct further studies.
1.7 Scope of the Study
The study is delimited to DHL Nigeria. Findings and recommendations from the study reflects the views and opinions of respondents sampled in the area. It may not reflect the entire picture in the population.
1.8 Limitations of the Study
The major limitations of the research study are time, financial constraints and delays from respondents. The researcher had difficulties combining lectures with field work. Financial constraints in form of getting adequate funds and sponsors to print questionnaires, hold Focus group discussions and logistics was recorded. Finally, respondents were a bit reluctant in filling questionnaires and submitting them on time. This delayed the project work a bit.
1.9 Organization of the Study
The study is made up of five (5) Chapters. Chapter one of the study gives a general introduction to the subject matter, background to the problem as well as a detailed problem statement of the research. This chapter also sets the objectives of the paper in motion detailing out the significance and scope of the paper.
Chapter Two of the paper entails the review of related literature with regards to corporate governance and integrated reporting. This chapter outlines the conceptual reviews, theoretical reviews and empirical reviews of the study.
Chapter Three centers on the methodologies applied in the study. A more detailed explanation of the research design, population of the study, sample size and technique, data collection method and analysis is discussed in this chapter.
Chapter Four highlights data analysis and interpretation giving the readers a thorough room for the discussion of the practical and theoretical implications of data analyzed in the study.
Chapter Five outlines the findings, conclusions and recommendations of the study. Based on objectives set out, the researcher concludes the paper by answering all research questions set out in the study.
1.10 Definition of Terms
1. Logistics
The process of planning, implementing, and controlling the efficient and effective flow and storage of goods, services, and related information from point of origin to point of consumption, with the objective of meeting customer requirements.
2. Supply Chain Management (SCM)
The management of a network of interconnected businesses involved in the ultimate provision of product and service packages required by end customers. It encompasses all activities related to the flow and transformation of goods and services from the raw materials stage through to the end-user.
3. Commerce
The activity of buying and selling goods and services, especially on a large scale. In the context of Nigeria, commerce encompasses all economic activities related to trade, both domestic and international.
4. Role
The function or position that logistics and supply chain management play within Nigerian commerce. This includes their impact on operational efficiency, cost-effectiveness, customer satisfaction, and overall business performance.
5. Efficiency
The ability of logistics and supply chain management practices to ensure that goods and services are produced and delivered in the most resource-effective manner possible, minimizing waste and maximizing output.
6. Effectiveness
The extent to which logistics and supply chain management contribute to achieving the strategic goals of businesses operating within Nigerian commerce. This includes factors such as responsiveness to customer demands, adaptability to market changes, and ability to mitigate risks.
7. Integration
The process of aligning and coordinating various functions within logistics and supply chain management, as well as integrating these functions with other business functions such as marketing, finance, and operations. In Nigerian commerce, integration is crucial for achieving seamless operations and maximizing competitive advantage.
