Table of Contents
Abstract. 2
CHAPTER ONE.. 6
INTRODUCTION.. 6
1.1 Background to the Study. 6
1.2 Statement of the Problem... 8
1.3 Objectives of the Study. 9
1.4 Research Questions. 9
1.5 Research Hypothesis. 10
1.6 Significance of the Study. 10
1.7 Scope of the Study. 11
1.8 Limitations of the Study. 11
1.9 Organization of the Study. 11
CHAPTER TWO.. 14
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE.. 14
2.1 Introduction.. 14
2.2 Theoretical Review.. 14
2.3 Conceptual Review.. 16
2.3.1 Overview.. 16
2.3.2 Water Quality. 17
2.3.3 Malt Selection and Processing. 17
2.3.4 Hop Varieties and Additions. 17
2.3.5 Yeast Strain and Fermentation Conditions. 18
2.3.6 Fermentation Vessel and Process Control. 18
2.3.7 Packaging and Storage. 19
2.3.8 Quality Control and Sensory Analysis. 19
2.3.9 Consumer Preferences and Market Trends. 20
2.4 Empirical Review.. 20
2.5 Summary of Literature Review.. 23
Chapter Three. 24
Research Methodology. 24
3.0 Introduction.. 24
3.1 Research Design.. 24
3.2 Sampling Technique. 24
3.3 Data Collection Methods. 24
3.4 Data Analysis. 25
3.5 Ethical Considerations. 25
3.6 Conclusion.. 25
CHAPTER FOUR.. 27
DATA ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION.. 27
4.1 Preamble. 28
4.2 Socio-Demographic Characteristics of Respondents. 28
TABLES BASED ON RESEARCH QUESTIONS.. 32
4.3 Analysis of the Respondents’ Views on Research Question one:. 32
4.4 Testing Hypothesis. 44
CHAPTER FIVE.. 49
SUMMARY CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS.. 49
5.1 SUMMARY.. 49
5.2 CONCLUSION.. 51
5.3 RECOMMENDATIONS.. 52
REFERENCES.. 52
APPENDIX.. 55
Questionnaire. 55
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background to the Study
1.1 Background to the Study
The craft beer renaissance has ushered in an era of unparalleled diversity and complexity in the brewing industry, where aficionados and novices alike revel in the kaleidoscope of flavors and aromas. At the heart of this artisanal craft lies an intricate dance of brewing process parameters, each contributing a nuanced brushstroke to the final canvas of beer flavor and quality. From malt selection to fermentation temperature, every decision made along the brewing journey shapes the sensory profile of the finished product. Understanding the interplay between these parameters is not merely a pursuit of academic curiosity but a fundamental quest to unlock the secrets behind the perfect pint.
Brewing, as an age-old tradition, has evolved into a science where empirical observations are bolstered by rigorous experimentation. The impact of brewing process parameters on beer flavor and quality has been a subject of extensive research, spanning disciplines from microbiology to sensory science. Studies have elucidated the profound influence of factors such as water composition, hop variety, and yeast strain on the sensory attributes of beer (Bamforth, 2009; De Keukeleire et al., 2019). Moreover, advancements in analytical techniques have enabled researchers to delve deeper into the molecular complexities of flavor compounds, shedding light on the mechanisms underlying flavor development during brewing (Clarke and Bakker, 2014).
One of the pivotal parameters dictating beer flavor is the malt composition, which serves as the canvas upon which brewers paint their masterpiece. The selection of malted grains, their kilning profiles, and the degree of malt modification profoundly influence the flavor, color, and mouthfeel of the final brew (Briggs et al., 2004; Bamforth, 2009). Furthermore, the mashing process, wherein enzymes convert starches into fermentable sugars, plays a pivotal role in modulating the fermentability and body of the beer (Narziss, 2005). Variations in mash temperature and duration can yield beers ranging from dry and crisp to full-bodied and sweet (Kunze, 2014).
Fermentation, often regarded as the soul of brewing, represents the culmination of intricate biochemical processes orchestrated by yeast and other microorganisms. Temperature, pitching rate, and fermentation vessel geometry exert a profound influence on yeast metabolism and flavor development during fermentation (Pretorius, 2000; White and Zainasheff, 2010). Furthermore, the advent of novel fermentation techniques, such as open fermentation and mixed-culture fermentation, has expanded the palette of flavors available to modern brewers (van Leeuwen et al., 2018). Understanding the dynamic interplay between fermentation parameters and microbial ecology is crucial for steering the trajectory of flavor development in beer.
1.2 Statement of the Problem
Despite the rich tradition and scientific advancements in brewing, the precise influence of brewing process parameters on beer flavor and quality remains a complex and multifaceted puzzle. While empirical knowledge and anecdotal evidence have long guided brewers in their quest for the perfect brew, a deeper understanding of the underlying mechanisms is essential for achieving consistency and innovation in the modern brewing landscape. Furthermore, the dynamic nature of consumer preferences and the burgeoning craft beer market underscore the need for comprehensive research into how variations in brewing parameters translate into perceptible changes in flavor, aroma, and mouthfeel, ultimately shaping consumer perception and satisfaction (Briggs et al., 2004; White and Zainasheff, 2010).
Moreover, as brewing technology continues to evolve and diversify, with the advent of novel techniques such as kettle souring and dry hopping, there arises a pressing need to reassess traditional brewing dogmas and explore the potential synergies between innovation and tradition. By elucidating the intricate interplay between brewing process parameters and sensory outcomes, researchers can empower brewers with the knowledge and tools to optimize their processes, minimize batch-to-batch variability, and push the boundaries of flavor expression in beer (van Leeuwen et al., 2018). Ultimately, addressing these challenges holds the promise of not only elevating the quality and diversity of beers but also enhancing the overall consumer experience in an increasingly discerning market.
1.3 Objectives of the Study
The main objective of the study is to examine The impact of brewing process parameters on beer flavor and quality. Specific objectives of the study are:
- 1. To quantify the influence of mashing temperature on the fermentable sugar profile and resulting beer flavor.
- 2. To evaluate the impact of yeast strain selection and fermentation conditions on beer aroma and ester profile.
- To investigate the effect of dry hopping practices on hop aroma volatility and bitterness perception in beer.
1.4 Research Questions
To guide the study and achieve the objectives of the study, the following research questions were formulated:
- How do variations in mashing temperature affect the production of specific fermentable sugars in the wort, and how does this translate to differences in perceived sweetness, body, and attenuation in the finished beer?
- How do different yeast strains and fermentation temperatures influence the production of specific esters, and how do these esters contribute to the overall aroma profile of the final beer?
- Does the timing and duration of dry hopping affect the release of volatile aroma compounds from hops, and how does this influence the perceived bitterness and overall hop character in the beer?
1.5 Research Hypothesis
The following research hypothesis was developed and tested for the study:
Ho: There is no statistical significant relationship between brewing process parameters and beer flavor and quality.
1.6 Significance of the Study
The study is important for many reasons. The following are the major stakeholders this paper through its practical and theoretical implications and findings will be of great significance:
Firstly, the paper will benefit major stakeholders and policy makers in the Brewing Science sector. The various analysis, findings and discussions outlined in this paper will serve as a guide in enabling major positive changes in the industry and sub-sectors.
Secondly, the paper is also beneficial to the organizations used for the research. Since first hand data was gotten and analysed from the organization, they stand a chance to benefit directly from the findings of the study in respect to their various organizations. These findings will fast track growth and enable productivity in the organisations used as a case study.
Finally, the paper will serve as a guide to other researchers willing to research further into the subject matter. Through the conclusions, limitations and gaps identified in the subject matter, other student and independent researchers can have a well laid foundation to conduct further studies.
1.7 Scope of the Study
The study is delimited to Champion Breweries, Uyo. Findings and recommendations from the study reflects the views and opinions of respondents sampled in the area. It may not reflect the entire picture in the population.
1.8 Limitations of the Study
The major limitations of the research study are time, financial constraints and delays from respondents. The researcher had difficulties combining lectures with field work. Financial constraints in form of getting adequate funds and sponsors to print questionnaires, hold Focus group discussions and logistics was recorded. Finally, respondents were a bit reluctant in filling questionnaires and submitting them on time. This delayed the project work a bit.
1.9 Organization of the Study
The study is made up of five (5) Chapters. Chapter one of the study gives a general introduction to the subject matter, background to the problem as well as a detailed problem statement of the research. This chapter also sets the objectives of the paper in motion detailing out the significance and scope of the paper.
Chapter Two of the paper entails the review of related literature with regards to corporate governance and integrated reporting. This chapter outlines the conceptual reviews, theoretical reviews and empirical reviews of the study.
Chapter Three centers on the methodologies applied in the study. A more detailed explanation of the research design, population of the study, sample size and technique, data collection method and analysis is discussed in this chapter.
Chapter Four highlights data analysis and interpretation giving the readers a thorough room for the discussion of the practical and theoretical implications of data analyzed in the study.
Chapter Five outlines the findings, conclusions and recommendations of the study. Based on objectives set out, the researcher concludes the paper by answering all research questions set out in the study.
