Table of Contents
Abstract. 2
CHAPTER ONE.. 4
INTRODUCTION.. 4
1.1 Background to the Study.. 4
1.2 Statement of the Problem... 5
1.3 Objectives of the Study.. 7
1.4 Research Questions. 7
1.5 Research Hypothesis. 8
1.6 Significance of the Study.. 8
1.7 Scope of the Study.. 9
1.8 Limitations of the Study.. 9
1.9 Organization of the Study.. 9
CHAPTER TWO.. 12
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE.. 12
2.1 Introduction.. 12
2.2 Theoretical Review.. 12
Cultural Adaptation Theory. 12
Human Capital Theory. 13
Empowerment Theory. 13
Lifelong Learning Theory. 14
2.3 Conceptual Review.. 14
2.3.1 Overview.. 14
2.3.2 Contextualizing Adult Education in Nigeria.. 15
2. 3.3 Accessibility and Outreach of Non-Formal Education Programs. 15
2.3.4 Relevance of Non-Formal Education Curricula.. 15
2.3.5 Effectiveness of Non-Formal Education in Skills Development. 16
2.3.6 Role of Technology in Non-Formal Education Delivery.. 16
2.3.7 Policy Support for Non-Formal Education Initiatives. 16
2.3.8 Community Engagement and Partnerships. 17
2.3.9 Challenges and Opportunities. 17
2.4 Empirical Review.. 17
2.5 Summary of Chapter. 19
Chapter Three.. 21
Research Methodology.. 21
RESEARCH DESIGN.. 21
AREA OF THE STUDY.. 21
POPULATION OF THE STUDY.. 22
DATA COLLECTION METHODS.. 22
SAMPLING TECHNIQUES.. 23
DATA ANALYSIS.. 23
CHAPTER FOUR.. 24
DATA ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION.. 24
4.1 Preamble.. 24
4.2 Socio-Demographic Characteristics of Respondents. 24
TABLES BASED ON RESEARCH QUESTIONS.. 28
4.3 Analysis of the Respondents’ Views on Research Question one:. 28
4.4 Research Hypothesis. 37
4.5 Discussion of Findings. 39
CHAPTER FIVE.. 42
SUMMARY CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS.. 42
5.1 SUMMARY.. 42
5.2 CONCLUSION.. 43
5.3 RECOMMENDATIONS.. 44
REFERENCES.. 46
APPENDIX.. 49
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background to the Study
In the landscape of Nigeria's educational system, the role of non-formal education in augmenting adult skills development has gained increasing attention. With a diverse populace and a myriad of socio-economic challenges, Nigeria faces the imperative to empower its adult population with relevant skills to navigate the demands of contemporary society. Non-formal education, characterized by its flexibility, accessibility, and relevance to practical life situations, emerges as a pivotal tool in addressing this need. This paper delves into the multifaceted dimensions of non-formal education and its significance in fostering skill acquisition and development among adults in Nigeria.
Non-formal education encompasses a range of learning opportunities outside the traditional schooling system, catering to individuals of all ages and backgrounds. In Nigeria, where a significant portion of the adult population lacks access to formal education or faces barriers to participation, non-formal education programs offer a lifeline. These programs, often tailored to local contexts and community needs, provide avenues for adults to acquire literacy, numeracy, vocational, and life skills essential for personal growth, employment, and community development (Smith, 2018).
Moreover, non-formal education in Nigeria serves as a catalyst for socio-economic empowerment and poverty alleviation. By equipping adults with practical skills and knowledge, such as entrepreneurship, agricultural techniques, and technical proficiency, these programs contribute to enhanced livelihoods and economic resilience within communities (Oladipo & Ojo, 2020). In a country where unemployment and underemployment rates are significant challenges, the role of non-formal education in fostering entrepreneurship and self-reliance cannot be overstated.
However, despite its potential benefits, non-formal education in Nigeria faces various obstacles, including inadequate funding, infrastructural deficiencies, and limited awareness among the populace (Adeyemi, 2019). Addressing these challenges requires concerted efforts from government agencies, educational institutions, civil society organizations, and other stakeholders to prioritize investment in non-formal education initiatives and enhance their accessibility, quality, and relevance. Through collaborative endeavors and policy interventions, Nigeria can harness the transformative power of non-formal education to empower its adult population and foster sustainable socio-economic development.
1.2 Statement of the Problem
In Nigeria, the issue of adult skills development remains a significant challenge, particularly in the context of limited access to formal educational opportunities. This problem is exacerbated by socioeconomic disparities, regional inequalities, and a lack of adequate infrastructure. Non-formal education programs offer a potential solution to this problem by providing alternative avenues for skill acquisition and development among adults. However, there is a dearth of research exploring the effectiveness and impact of non-formal education initiatives in Nigeria, particularly concerning their role in enhancing adult skills development. Thus, there is a critical need for comprehensive investigation into the mechanisms through which non-formal education can contribute to the enhancement of adult skills in Nigeria, as well as an assessment of the socio-economic factors that may influence the effectiveness of such programs (Okebukola & Jegede, 2018; Fasasi & Mabekoje, 2020).
Moreover, understanding the challenges and opportunities associated with non-formal education is essential for policymakers, educators, and stakeholders seeking to design and implement effective adult skills development strategies in Nigeria. By addressing this gap in the literature, policymakers can formulate evidence-based policies and interventions aimed at expanding access to quality non-formal education programs and improving adult skills outcomes nationwide. Thus, this research aims to explore the role of non-formal education in enhancing adult skills development in Nigeria, providing valuable insights into the potential of non-formal education as a catalyst for socio-economic empowerment and inclusive growth in the country. Fasasi & Mabekoje, 2020.
1.3 Objectives of the Study
The main objective of the study is to examine Exploring the Role of Non-Formal Education in Enhancing Adult Skills Development in Nigeria. Specific objectives of the study are:
- 1. To assess the impact of non-formal education programs on the development of job-specific skills in adults.
- 2. To evaluate the influence of non-formal education on the entrepreneurial mindsets of adults.
- To analyze the accessibility and effectiveness of non-formal education programs for different demographics in Nigeria.
1.4 Research Questions
To guide the study and achieve the objectives of the study, the following research questions were formulated:
- 1. To what extent do adults who participate in non-formal skills training programs report an increase in their ability to perform job-related tasks compared to non-participants?
- 2. Do adults who participate in non-formal education programs focused on entrepreneurship demonstrate a greater inclination towards starting their own businesses compared to those who haven't?
- Are there significant differences in participation rates and learning outcomes in non-formal education programs based on factors like gender, location, or socioeconomic background?
1.5 Research Hypothesis
The following research hypothesis was developed and tested for the study:
Ho: There is no statistical significant relationship between Non-Formal Education and Enhancing Adult Skills Development in Nigeria.
1.6 Significance of the Study
The study is important for many reasons. The following are the major stakeholders this paper through its practical and theoretical implications and findings will be of great significance:
Firstly, the paper will benefit major stakeholders and policy makers in the Adult Education sector. The various analysis, findings and discussions outlined in this paper will serve as a guide in enabling major positive changes in the industry and sub-sectors.
Secondly, the paper is also beneficial to the organizations used for the research. Since first hand data was gotten and analysed from the organization, they stand a chance to benefit directly from the findings of the study in respect to their various organizations. These findings will fast track growth and enable productivity in the organisations used as a case study.
Finally, the paper will serve as a guide to other researchers willing to research further into the subject matter. Through the conclusions, limitations and gaps identified in the subject matter, other student and independent researchers can have a well laid foundation to conduct further studies.
1.7 Scope of the Study
The study is delimited to Warri Metropolis. Findings and recommendations from the study reflects the views and opinions of respondents sampled in the area. It may not reflect the entire picture in the population.
1.8 Limitations of the Study
The major limitations of the research study are time, financial constraints and delays from respondents. The researcher had difficulties combining lectures with field work. Financial constraints in form of getting adequate funds and sponsors to print questionnaires, hold Focus group discussions and logistics was recorded. Finally, respondents were a bit reluctant in filling questionnaires and submitting them on time. This delayed the project work a bit.
1.9 Organization of the Study
The study is made up of five (5) Chapters. Chapter one of the study gives a general introduction to the subject matter, background to the problem as well as a detailed problem statement of the research. This chapter also sets the objectives of the paper in motion detailing out the significance and scope of the paper.
Chapter Two of the paper entails the review of related literature with regards to corporate governance and integrated reporting. This chapter outlines the conceptual reviews, theoretical reviews and empirical reviews of the study.
Chapter Three centers on the methodologies applied in the study. A more detailed explanation of the research design, population of the study, sample size and technique, data collection method and analysis is discussed in this chapter.
Chapter Four highlights data analysis and interpretation giving the readers a thorough room for the discussion of the practical and theoretical implications of data analyzed in the study.
Chapter Five outlines the findings, conclusions and recommendations of the study. Based on objectives set out, the researcher concludes the paper by answering all research questions set out in the study.
