Table of Contents
Abstract. 2
CHAPTER ONE.. 5
INTRODUCTION.. 5
1.1 Background to the Study.. 5
1.2 Statement of the Problem... 6
1.3 Objectives of the Study.. 7
1.4 Research Questions. 7
1.5 Research Hypothesis. 8
1.6 Significance of the Study.. 8
1.7 Scope of the Study.. 9
1.8 Limitations of the Study.. 9
1.9 Organization of the Study.. 10
CHAPTER TWO.. 12
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE.. 12
2.1 Introduction.. 12
2.2 Theoretical Review.. 12
Empowerment Theory. 12
Social Learning Theory. 13
Critical Health Literacy Theory. 13
Cultural Competence Theory. 14
2.3 Conceptual Review.. 14
2.3.1 Overview.. 14
2.3.2 Importance of Health Literacy.. 15
2.3.3 Role of Adult Education.. 15
2.3.4 Challenges in Promoting Health Literacy.. 15
2.3.5 Opportunities for Enhancement. 16
2.3.6 Community Engagement. 16
2.3.7 Empowerment through Education.. 16
2.3.8 Role of Technology.. 16
2.3.9 Cultural Sensitivity.. 17
2.3.10 Capacity Building.. 17
2.4 Empirical Review.. 17
2.5 Summary of Chapter. 19
Chapter Three.. 21
Research Methodology.. 21
3.1 Research Design.. 21
3.2 Population of the Study.. 21
3.3 Sample Size and Sampling Technique.. 21
3.4 Instrumentation.. 22
3.5 Data Collection Procedure.. 22
3.6 Data Analysis. 23
3.7 Ethical Considerations. 23
3.8 Limitations of the Study.. 24
CHAPTER FOUR.. 25
DATA ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION.. 25
4.1 Preamble.. 25
4.2 Socio-Demographic Characteristics of Respondents. 25
TABLES BASED ON RESEARCH QUESTIONS.. 29
4.3 Analysis of the Respondents’ Views on Research Question one:. 29
4.4 Research Hypothesis. 43
4.5 Discussion of Findings. 46
CHAPTER FIVE.. 49
SUMMARY CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS.. 49
5.1 Summary.. 49
5.2 Conclusion.. 50
5.3 Recommendations. 51
REFERENCES.. 52
Research Questionnaire: Exploring the Role of Adult Education in Promoting Health Literacy in Nigeria (A Case Study of Warri Metropolis). 55
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background to the Study
Health literacy, defined as the ability to obtain, process, and understand basic health information and services to make appropriate health decisions, is fundamental for individuals and communities to achieve optimal health outcomes. In Nigeria, where healthcare disparities and challenges persist, enhancing health literacy among adults is crucial for addressing public health issues effectively. This paper delves into the pivotal role of adult education in promoting health literacy within the Nigerian context. Ajuwon, G. A. (2017).
Nigeria faces multifaceted health challenges, including infectious diseases, maternal and child mortality, and non-communicable diseases. Limited health literacy exacerbates these challenges, hindering individuals from accessing and utilizing healthcare services efficiently. Adult education programs offer a strategic platform to bridge this gap by equipping adults with essential health knowledge and skills. By incorporating health literacy components into adult education curricula, Nigeria can empower its populace to navigate the complexities of the healthcare system and adopt healthier lifestyles. Okonofua, F., & Omo-Aghoja, L. (2016).
Furthermore, adult education interventions tailored to local communities can enhance health literacy by addressing cultural, linguistic, and socio-economic barriers. These programs can utilize innovative approaches such as community health workshops, peer education initiatives, and digital literacy campaigns to engage and educate adults effectively. By empowering individuals with the necessary health literacy competencies, Nigeria can foster a population that actively participates in health promotion and disease prevention efforts, ultimately contributing to improved health outcomes nationwide. World Health Organization. (2013).
1.2 Statement of the Problem
In Nigeria, the issue of health literacy presents a significant challenge, with vast segments of the population lacking adequate knowledge and understanding of health-related information. This problem is exacerbated by limited access to formal education, particularly among adults who may have missed out on foundational learning opportunities. As a result, there is a pressing need to explore the role of adult education in promoting health literacy across the country. By empowering adults with the necessary knowledge and skills to comprehend and navigate health information effectively, it is possible to enhance health outcomes and promote overall well-being within Nigerian communities.
A study conducted by Smith et al. (2019) highlights the critical link between education and health literacy, emphasizing the importance of adult education initiatives in addressing health disparities. Furthermore, research by Adewole and Hassan (2020) underscores the need for tailored interventions that target adult learners, acknowledging the unique challenges they face in acquiring health-related knowledge. By integrating health literacy components into adult education programs, Nigeria can foster a more informed populace capable of making informed health decisions, ultimately contributing to improved public health outcomes nationwide. This statement of the problem serves as a foundational framework for further research and policy development aimed at addressing the intersection of adult education and health literacy in Nigeria.
1.3 Objectives of the Study
The main objective of the study is to examine Exploring the Role of Adult Education in Promoting Health Literacy in Nigeria. Specific objectives of the study are:
- To assess the current health literacy levels among adults participating in adult education programs in Nigeria.
- To evaluate the effectiveness of different adult education program designs in improving health literacy outcomes in Nigeria.
- To explore the challenges and facilitators of integrating health literacy education into existing adult education programs in Nigeria.
1.4 Research Questions
To guide the study and achieve the objectives of the study, the following research questions were formulated:
- To what extent do adult learners enrolled in different adult education programs in Nigeria demonstrate knowledge and skills related to health literacy?
- Do adult education programs that incorporate specific health literacy modules or approaches lead to greater improvements in health knowledge, attitudes, and self-care practices compared to traditional programs?
- What are the key barriers and enablers for adult education providers in Nigeria to effectively integrate health literacy education into their existing programs?
1.5 Research Hypothesis
The following research hypothesis was developed and tested for the study:
Ho: There is no significant relationship between participation in adult education programs and the promotion of health literacy among adults in Nigeria.
1.6 Significance of the Study
The study is important for many reasons. The following are the major stakeholders this paper through its practical and theoretical implications and findings will be of great significance:
Firstly, the paper will benefit major stakeholders and policy makers in the Adult Education sector. The various analysis, findings and discussions outlined in this paper will serve as a guide in enabling major positive changes in the industry and sub-sectors.
Secondly, the paper is also beneficial to the organizations used for the research. Since first hand data was gotten and analysed from the organization, they stand a chance to benefit directly from the findings of the study in respect to their various organizations. These findings will fast track growth and enable productivity in the organisations used as a case study.
Finally, the paper will serve as a guide to other researchers willing to research further into the subject matter. Through the conclusions, limitations and gaps identified in the subject matter, other student and independent researchers can have a well laid foundation to conduct further studies.
1.7 Scope of the Study
The study is delimited to Wari Metropolis. Findings and recommendations from the study reflects the views and opinions of respondents sampled in the area. It may not reflect the entire picture in the population.
1.8 Limitations of the Study
The major limitations of the research study are time, financial constraints and delays from respondents. The researcher had difficulties combining lectures with field work. Financial constraints in form of getting adequate funds and sponsors to print questionnaires, hold Focus group discussions and logistics was recorded. Finally, respondents were a bit reluctant in filling questionnaires and submitting them on time. This delayed the project work a bit.
1.9 Organization of the Study
The study is made up of five (5) Chapters. Chapter one of the study gives a general introduction to the subject matter, background to the problem as well as a detailed problem statement of the research. This chapter also sets the objectives of the paper in motion detailing out the significance and scope of the paper.
Chapter Two of the paper entails the review of related literature with regards to corporate governance and integrated reporting. This chapter outlines the conceptual reviews, theoretical reviews and empirical reviews of the study.
Chapter Three centers on the methodologies applied in the study. A more detailed explanation of the research design, population of the study, sample size and technique, data collection method and analysis is discussed in this chapter.
Chapter Four highlights data analysis and interpretation giving the readers a thorough room for the discussion of the practical and theoretical implications of data analyzed in the study.
Chapter Five outlines the findings, conclusions and recommendations of the study. Based on objectives set out, the researcher concludes the paper by answering all research questions set out in the study.
