CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background to the Study
The integration of computers into educational settings has become ubiquitous, reshaping the learning environment and impacting the academic landscape. This introduction delves into the complex relationship between computer usage and academic performance, with a specific focus on secondary school students. As technology continues to advance, understanding how students engage with computers and the consequences for their academic achievement becomes paramount. This exploration aims to provide insights into the multifaceted nature of this influence, considering both positive and negative aspects, and it sets the stage for a nuanced examination of the topic.
In recent years, the use of computers in educational contexts has witnessed exponential growth, becoming an integral part of the learning process. Computers offer diverse functionalities, from facilitating research and information retrieval to providing interactive learning platforms. This trend is not exclusive to higher education; it has permeated secondary schools, shaping the educational experiences of students. Consequently, investigating the influence of computer usage on the academic performance of secondary school students is crucial for comprehending the implications of technology integration in the educational sphere (Cuban, 2001).
The impact of computer usage on academic performance is a subject of ongoing debate and research. While proponents argue that technology enhances critical thinking, collaboration, and information access, critics raise concerns about potential distractions and unequal access. Research by Zhao and Frank (2003) has explored the multifaceted nature of this influence, emphasizing the need to consider various factors such as the type of computer usage, students' technology skills, and the pedagogical approaches employed. This introduction acknowledges the diversity of perspectives surrounding the influence of computer usage, emphasizing the need for a comprehensive and context-specific examination.
Given the diverse nature of computer usage and its potential impact, a nuanced examination is required to understand how it specifically influences the academic performance of secondary school students. Factors such as the availability of resources, teacher proficiency in integrating technology, and the socio-economic background of students play pivotal roles in shaping this influence. As such, this introduction underscores the importance of contextual analysis in unraveling the intricate relationship between computer usage and academic outcomes, setting the stage for a comprehensive review that considers these variables (Cuban, Kirkpatrick, & Peck, 2001).
1.2 Statement of the Problem
The pervasive integration of computers into secondary school education raises critical questions regarding their impact on the academic performance of students. While the potential benefits of computer usage in enhancing learning experiences are widely acknowledged, the literature indicates a lack of consensus on the net effect of technology on academic outcomes. Concerns have been raised about the potential distractions posed by the use of computers, the variations in students' technology skills, and the equitable access to technological resources. Additionally, there is a dearth of research that delves into the contextual nuances influencing the relationship between computer usage and academic performance in secondary schools. This gap in understanding the specific mechanisms and conditions through which computer usage influences academic outcomes necessitates a comprehensive investigation to inform educational practices and policies.
Several key issues contribute to the complexity of the problem. First, there is a need to explore the varied ways in which students engage with computers, encompassing both productive academic uses and potential distractions. Furthermore, the socio-economic factors influencing students' access to computers and the quality of technological resources available in different educational settings remain understudied. The existing literature often provides conflicting perspectives on the influence of computer usage, and the methodologies employed in previous research may not capture the dynamic and context-dependent nature of the relationship. Addressing these research gaps is essential for developing evidence-based guidelines and interventions that optimize the positive impact of computer usage while mitigating potential drawbacks on the academic performance of secondary school students.Top of Form
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1.3 Objectives of the Study
The main objective of the study is to examine Influence of computer usage on academic of secondary school students. Specific objectives of the study are:
- 1. To Examine the Relationship Between Computer Usage Patterns and Academic Performance.
- 2. To Investigate the Role of Technology Skills in Mediating the Influence of Computer Usage.
- 3. To Explore Socio-Economic Factors Affecting Equitable Access and Academic Impact.
1.4 Research Questions
To guide the study and achieve the objectives of the study, the following research questions were formulated:
- How do students utilize computers for academic purposes in secondary schools?
- What is the proficiency level of secondary school students in utilizing technology for educational purposes?
- What socio-economic factors contribute to disparities in students' access to computers in secondary schools?
1.5 Research Hypothesis
The following research hypothesis was developed and tested for the study:
Ho: There is no statistical significant relationship between computer usage and academic performance of secondary school students.
1.6 Significance of the Study
The study is important for many reasons. The following are the major stakeholders this paper through its practical and theoretical implications and findings will be of great significance:
Firstly, the paper will benefit major stakeholders and policy makers in the computer science education sector. The various analysis, findings and discussions outlined in this paper will serve as a guide in enabling major positive changes in the industry and sub-sectors.
Secondly, the paper is also beneficial to the organizations used for the research. Since first hand data was gotten and analysed from the organization, they stand a chance to benefit directly from the findings of the study in respect to their various organizations. These findings will fast track growth and enable productivity in the organisations used as a case study.
Finally, the paper will serve as a guide to other researchers willing to research further into the subject matter. Through the conclusions, limitations and gaps identified in the subject matter, other student and independent researchers can have a well laid foundation to conduct further studies.
1.7 Scope of the Study
The study is delimited to Moro Local Government Area. Findings and recommendations from the study reflects the views and opinions of respondents sampled in the area. It may not reflect the entire picture in the population.
1.8 Limitations of the Study
The major limitations of the research study are time, financial constraints and delays from respondents. The researcher had difficulties combining lectures with field work. Financial constraints in form of getting adequate funds and sponsors to print questionnaires, hold Focus group discussions and logistics was recorded. Finally, respondents were a bit reluctant in filling questionnaires and submitting them on time. This delayed the project work a bit.
1.9 Organization of the Study
The study is made up of five (5) Chapters. Chapter one of the study gives a general introduction to the subject matter, background to the problem as well as a detailed problem statement of the research. This chapter also sets the objectives of the paper in motion detailing out the significance and scope of the paper.
Chapter Two of the paper entails the review of related literature with regards to corporate governance and integrated reporting. This chapter outlines the conceptual reviews, theoretical reviews and empirical reviews of the study.
Chapter Three centers on the methodologies applied in the study. A more detailed explanation of the research design, population of the study, sample size and technique, data collection method and analysis is discussed in this chapter.
Chapter Four highlights data analysis and interpretation giving the readers a thorough room for the discussion of the practical and theoretical implications of data analyzed in the study.
Chapter Five outlines the findings, conclusions and recommendations of the study. Based on objectives set out, the researcher concludes the paper by answering all research questions set out in the study.
References:
- Cuban, L. (2001). Oversold and underused: Computers in the classroom. Harvard University Press.
- Cuban, L., Kirkpatrick, H., & Peck, C. (2001). High access and low use of technologies in high school classrooms: Explaining an apparent paradox. American Educational Research Journal, 38(4), 813-834.
- Zhao, Y., & Frank, K. A. (2003). Factors affecting technology uses in schools: An ecological perspective. American Educational Research Journal, 40(4), 807-840.
