CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background of the Study
The construction sector holds a fundamental role in molding societies across various levels, from local communities to the global stage. This industry encompasses a wide array of activities, including real estate development, infrastructure initiatives, and the construction of industrial facilities, establishing itself as a paramount player in the worldwide economy. It carries significant economic weight, contributing around 13% to the global gross domestic product (GDP) as of 2020 (Ribeirinho, 2020).
The origins of this sector can be traced back to ancient times, rooted in the construction of stone houses and the skilled craftsmanship of carpenters who transformed raw timber into usable boards. It has gradually evolved over the ages to become one of the most ancient industries worldwide. Throughout its history, the construction field has exhibited notable advancements, potentially even outstripping other industries (Kristensen, 2011).
Nevertheless, akin to many other domains, the construction industry has undergone substantial transformations over time. A myriad of changes has shaped the contemporary working environment, with technology emerging as a pivotal catalyst of change for both organizations and individuals.
The construction industry comprises a multitude of stakeholders, including clients, design professionals, construction experts, and operational teams (for instance, in the case of PPP/PFI schemes). Among the key professionals in the industry, with regards to their initial interaction with clients and their involvement in the design and construction phases of projects, are engineers (particularly civil, electrical, and mechanical engineers), building engineers, quantity surveyors, and architects. Architects specialize in conceptualizing and designing buildings.
During the construction phase, architects continually update plans, drawings, and specifications to align with both client requirements and legal regulations. While civil engineers focus on public infrastructure projects like roads, dams, docks, shipyards, and bridges, building engineers are responsible for assessing the structural integrity and forces acting on proposed constructions. They also create structural drawings and specifications based on architectural plans and other relevant contract documents.
Building engineers strive to ensure that buildings can safely bear and endure the various loads they will encounter during their operational lifespan. Mechanical and electrical engineering, often referred to collectively as services engineering, constitute a significant aspect of modern construction, accounting for as much as 30% of the total contract cost for a typical building. Engineering services are typically carried out by nominated or domestic subcontractors.
Traditionally, Quantity Surveying has centered on contracts and the costs associated with construction projects, with quantity surveyors playing a pivotal role in cost control through precise measurement of required work. However, these practices encompass a wide range of activities, including value management, tendering, valuation, change control, claims management, and cost estimation.
The quantity surveyor plays a crucial role in guiding the design process by systematically applying cost considerations, ensuring a rational and cost-effective balance between expenditure, quality, functionality, and aesthetics. This approach effectively assists in meeting the client's requirements within the agreed-upon budget (Maarouf, 2011).
The role of quantity surveying in the construction industry has a rich history and, like most professions, has had to adapt to changing times. A significant shift occurred in the 1980s with the advent of computers, potentially rendering the traditional practice of Bill of Quantities obsolete (Cartlidge, 2013). Consequently, quantity surveying practices began diversifying their services (Cartlidge, 2013) to create new opportunities for emerging professionals. The introduction of technology provided an avenue for quantity surveyors to regain prominence in the industry (Sawhney, 2016).
Thus this study seeks to comprehensively examine and elucidate the role of Quantity Surveyors in the construction process.
1.2 Statement of the Problem
Despite their vital role, the role of Quantity Surveyors is sometimes underappreciated or misunderstood in the construction process. This misunderstanding can lead to inefficiencies, cost overruns, and disputes within construction projects. Consequently, there is a need to explore and highlight the indispensable role of Quantity Surveyors in the construction process.
1.3 Aim of the Study
The primary aim of this study is to comprehensively examine and elucidate the role of Quantity Surveyors in the construction process.
1.4 Objectives of the Study
The specific objectives of this study are as follows:
- To assess the role of Quantity Surveyors in cost estimation and management in construction projects.
- To analyze how Quantity Surveyors contribute to quality assurance in the construction process.
- To investigate the impact of Quantity Surveyors on project success and timely completion.
1.5 Research Questions
To guide this study, the following research questions have been formulated:
- What are the key responsibilities of Quantity Surveyors in construction projects?
- How do Quantity Surveyors contribute to cost management in construction projects?
- What role do Quantity Surveyors play in ensuring the quality of construction work?
- How do Quantity Surveyors influence project success and timely completion?
1.6 Research Hypothesis
The research hypothesis for this study is as follows:
H0: Quantity Surveyors do no play significant roles in construction projects.
H1: Quantity Surveyors play significant roles in construction projects.
1.7 Justification of the Study
This study is of paramount importance for several reasons. Firstly, it will provide a comprehensive understanding of the indispensable role of Quantity Surveyors in the construction process. Secondly, it will contribute to the body of knowledge in construction management and serve as a reference for students, researchers, and practitioners in the field. Lastly, it will promote the recognition and appreciation of Quantity Surveyors, potentially leading to better utilization of their expertise in construction projects.
1.8 Scope of the Study
The study will focus exclusively on Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria. It will examine the role of Quantity Surveyors within the construction process as it pertains to this specific region.
