CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background of the Study
Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) encompass a broad subject that deals with the management and processing of information using electronic computers and software. ICT involves converting, storing, protecting, processing, transmitting, and retrieving information. The term "Information and Communication Technologies" was coined to describe the seamless integration of digital processing and telecommunications.
The primary objective of ICT for Development is to harness the potential of technology for social transformation and societal benefit. Historical examples of such social transformations, like the industrial revolution, resulted from a combination of powerful technology and effective policies and strategies. In line with the Schumpeterian school of thought, the key factors enabling societal development transformations are technological infrastructure, which includes hardware and generic software services, as well as human capacity and knowledge to utilize these technologies.
When information flows and communication processes within various sectors occur in electronic networks, the "e-" prefix is often added to the sector's name, resulting in terms like e-government, e-business, e-commerce, e-health, and e-learning. However, it's important to note that having the technology alone does not guarantee positive outcomes; technological determinism does not apply. Information Communication and Technology for Social Development strategies and policies are designed to accelerate development efforts, mitigate challenges, and eliminate obstacles through the use of technology to achieve specific goals.
These interventions can be categorized into two types: Positive Assessment, which includes incentives, projects, financing, and other measures to enhance existing opportunities, and Negative Assessment, involving regulations and legislation to control and suppress negative developments. The focus of ICT for Development is on using technology as a tool to improve the well-being and development of societies.Top of Form
Bottom of Form
1.2 Statement of Problem
Information Communication and Technology for Social Development (ICT4D) has undoubtedly gained popularity and significance, particularly in the international development sector. However, it has also faced criticism and raised important questions and concerns:
- Scalability and Impact: Some critics argue that certain ICT4D projects, despite substantial investments, may not be designed to be scalable or impactful. The question arises as to whether these projects are effectively addressing the core issues and producing noticeable, sustainable change.
- Cultural Impact: ICTs can have a profound impact on traditional cultures, leading to concerns about cultural imperialism. The spread of ICTs may inadvertently erode local cultures and languages. To mitigate this, it's crucial to promote local language content and software, allowing communities to maintain their identities while benefiting from technology.
- Digital Divide: ICT4D has the potential to either bridge or widen the digital divide. While it can offer opportunities for those with access to the information economy, it may leave behind those who lack access. This disparity in access to technology and information resources can exacerbate existing inequalities.
- Environmental Concerns: Many ICT4D projects are criticized for not being environmentally friendly in the long term. When electronic equipment used in these projects breaks down beyond repair, beneficiary communities are often left with the responsibility of disposing of toxic electronic waste. Improper disposal practices contribute to environmental pollution. Transporting such equipment to recycling facilities can be costly and challenging.
These criticisms highlight the need for careful planning, evaluation, and consideration of the broader social, cultural, and environmental impacts of ICT4D initiatives. Sustainable and inclusive ICT4D efforts should focus not only on technological solutions but also on the human, social, and environmental aspects to ensure they benefit communities and societies as a whole.
Top of Form
Bottom of Form
1.3 Objectives of the Study
The objectives of this study are as follows :
To examine the benefits of technology for social transformation .
To explore the impact of ICT adoption in the agricultural sector.
To examine how ICT can bring about development in the Educational sector.
To find out if ICT can be a supportive tool to develop and improve the health sector.
1.4 Research questions
What are the benefits of technology for social transformation?
What are the impacts of ICT adoption in the agricultural sector?
How can ICT bring about development in the Educational sector?
In what ways can ICT be a supportive tool to develop and improve the health sector?
1.5 Research hypothesis
H01: the impacts if ICT in the health sector is statistically significant.
1.6 Significance of the study
The aim of this study is to ascertain whether or not ICT has any notable influence on developing society. This study will focus on how Economic Development Growth, Jobs and Digital Economy, intensifying economic activity and extensive application of ICT can be used to extend the range of economic activity. And how social infusion and environmental sustainability can be achieved with the use of ICT.
1.7 Scope of the study
The study will focus on impact of information communication technology (ICT) as a tool for societal development (a case study of Warri metropolis). The respondents used for the study include farmers, health professionals and IT professionals residing in Warri metropolis.
1.8 Definition of Terms
ICT: Information communication technology.
ICT for Social Development: Information technology for societal development.
Technology: The study of or a collection of techniques.
Communication: The act of exchanging information or data between entities.
Information: Things that are or can be known about a particular topic. It can also be said to be the act of informing or impacting knowledge.
Development: The process of developing.
