CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background of the Study
The construction sector holds significant strategic importance as it influences various levels of society, from local to global. It encompasses real estate, infrastructure, and industrial structures, making it the largest industry in the global economy, contributing approximately 13% to the world's gross domestic product (GDP) (Ribeirinho, 2020). With its roots dating back to the construction of stone houses and the skilled carpenter processing raw timber into usable boards, the construction industry has a long-standing history as one of the world's oldest industries.
Throughout history, the construction sector and its practices have been highly advanced and possibly even surpassing other industries (Kristensen, 2011). However, similar to most other industries, the construction industry has undergone significant developments over time. The extensive list of changes that have influenced the contemporary work environment is extensive, with technology being a driving force for transformation among companies and individuals. Despite notable advancements, the industry has encountered numerous challenges such as low productivity, narrow profit margins, challenges in waste management, and concerns regarding safety (Patil and Mahajan, 2019).
Technology and engineering have become integral aspects of our daily lives, and their advancements have prompted us to explore their applications in various domains, particularly in construction. In recent years, there has been a notable increase in the use of artificial intelligence (AI) in construction engineering and management. The reason for this growing trend is the potential of AI to enhance construction performance and efficiency.
AI encompasses the imitation of human cognitive processes through computer systems and machines. According to Kaplan and Haenlein's (2019) definition, AI refers to a system's ability to accurately understand external input, acquire knowledge from it, and utilize that knowledge to achieve specific performance objectives through adaptive adjustments. AI encompasses a wide range of applications, including expert systems, natural language processing, speech recognition, and machine vision.
Artificial intelligence (AI) encompasses a diverse range of technologies and academic fields that have been around for quite some time. However, it is only in recent years that these advancements have become feasible and practical for real-world implementation. Although still relatively new, AI applications have already demonstrated remarkable effectiveness across multiple industries (Cannella, 2018). At present, scientists and researchers are examining artificial intelligence from various angles, exploring its vast potential and possibilities (Konnikov et al., 2019).
The construction industry is currently undergoing a shift from traditional, hierarchical construction sites to digitally-driven and more autonomous environments. In order to enhance the production efficiency of the industry, AI-based technologies are being introduced (Salehi and Burgueno, 2018). While numerous digital tools have already simplified human-related tasks, the main objective of implementing AI systems is not merely to replicate human performance, but to surpass it. AI is hailed as the technology that has the potential to fundamentally reshape the construction industry.
The implementation of AI in the construction industry has the potential to automate various operations and enhance the overall efficiency of the building process (Salehi and Burgueño, 2018). This aligns with the principles of the lean mindset, which prioritize waste reduction and value maximization (Ballard and Howell, 2003). The success of a construction project is contingent upon meeting the constraints of time, cost, and quality parameters (Howards, 2019). In the present-day construction industry, AI can bring several benefits to construction sites, including the prevention of cost overruns, improvement of site safety, increased efficiency in project planning and management, and enhanced productivity on construction sites (Koskela et al., 2003).
However, there are challenges associated with implementing AI on construction sites, primarily due to the requirement of accurate data for training the algorithms. Gathering a large dataset can be a costly and time-consuming process for many construction companies (Blanco et al., 2018). Furthermore, the outdoor environmental conditions and non-standardized building designs pose additional complexities in the adoption of AI on construction sites (Balaguer, 2004; Vaquero et al., 2013). While a few prominent construction companies have started experiencing the advantages of AI technologies, the overall implementation of AI in the construction industry is still in its early stages. The lack of widespread applied knowledge and standardized frameworks across the industry has led to ongoing discussions regarding the future of the construction workforce and the potential impact of AI on job roles. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to offer an overview of the application and advantages of AI in building construction, with a specific focus on a case study involving Julius Berger, Abuja.
1.2 Statement of the Problem
The construction industry plays a vital role in the economy and the development of infrastructure and housing projects. However, multiple authors have highlighted that this industry has not fully embraced digitalization, specifically in harnessing the potential of Artificial Intelligence to drive growth and enhance efficiency. A recent study conducted by Perera et al. (2020) concluded that the construction industry has been slow in adopting digitalization, which has resulted in a disruption of traditional processes and hindered progress.
CONEXPO (2020) highlights that Artificial Intelligence (AI) is considered a highly promising technological advancement with the potential to significantly impact the construction industry as a whole. According to a survey conducted by McKinsey (2020), the construction sector is on the cusp of digital transformation, and AI is expected to positively influence the entire value chain. This includes increasing efficiency in areas ranging from the production of building materials to the design, planning, construction, and facility management phases.
The ideation, design, and planning processes are critical components of a construction project's life cycle, as they need to be well-defined in order for the project to be completed within the specified time frame, budget, and desired quality standards. However, the full exploration and application of AI in the planning and design aspects of construction projects are yet to be adequately explored.
This highlights the need to explore the specific application and benefits of AI in building construction, taking into account the unique context of Julius Berger in Abuja. This research aims to investigate how Julius Berger has leveraged AI technologies to overcome construction challenges and achieve positive outcomes, contributing to the existing knowledge on AI implementation in the construction industry.
1.3 Aim of the Study
The aim of this study is to examine the application and benefits of artificial intelligence (AI) in building construction, focusing on the case study of Julius Berger in Abuja.
1.4 Objectives of the Study
The specific objectives of this research are as follows:
- To explore the various applications of AI in Julius Berger, Abuja
- To examine the benefits of AI implementation in the construction industry, Julius Berger, Abuja
- To propose recommendations for successful AI implementation in the construction industry.
1.5 Research Questions
- What are the specific applications of AI in Julius Berger's construction projects in Abuja?
- What are the benefits and positive outcomes achieved through the implementation of AI in the construction industry, particularly in the case of Julius Berger, Abuja?
- What recommendations can be proposed for successful AI implementation in the construction industry, considering the case of Julius Berger, Abuja?
1.6 Research Hypothesis
H0: The application of AI in building construction at Julius Berger, Abuja has no significant benefit
H1: The application of AI in building construction at Julius Berger, Abuja has significant benefit
1.7 Justification of the Study
This study will contribute to the existing body of knowledge on the application of AI in the construction industry, particularly in building construction. By examining the case study of Julius Berger in Abuja, valuable insights can be gained regarding the practical implementation of AI technologies, and the benefits achieved. The findings of this research will be useful for construction companies, project managers, and stakeholders considering AI integration in their operations.
1.8 Scope of the Study
The scope of this study focuses on the application and benefits of artificial intelligence (AI) in building construction, specifically within the context of Julius Berger in Abuja. The study aims to provide insights into the AI initiatives implemented by Julius Berger and the outcomes achieved through their application in building construction projects.
