THE IMPACT OF RURAL MIGRATION ON COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT (A CASE STUDY OF IBA LOCAL GOVERNMENT DEV. AREA.)

ABSTRACT

The world is now a global village with the invention of new technologies. However, the physical migration of people is still inevitable and it is necessary for rural community’s development. There are several reasons while people migrate, like economic reasons, ecological reasons, educational reasons etc.  

 

The purpose of the research work is to bring to the fore the “Impact of rural migration on community development”.

Hypotheses were structure in a way to show the significant relationship between rural migration and community development.

 

Data were collected through primary and secondary sources. Questionnaires were structured in order to solve the identified problem and meet up with the stated objectives.

Chi-square was used to test the positivity and negativity of the hypothesis.

 

Conclusively, there is a relationship between rural migration and community development.

 

 


TABLE OF CONTENT

Title page                                                                 1

Abstract                                                                   2

Table of Content                                                       3

 

 

CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION

1.1       Background  of the study                                 5

1.2   Statement of problems                                     6

1.3   Objectives of the study                                     7

1.4   Research questions                                          8

1.5   Research hypotheses                                       8

1.6   Definition of terms                                            9 

1.7   Limitation of the study                                     10

1.8   Organization of the study                                 10

        Reference                                                         12

 

CHAPTER TWO: REVIEW OF LITERATURE AND THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK  

2.1       Introduction                                                     13

2.2       Literature review                                              13

2.3       Theoretical framework                                      23

        References                                                        35    

 

CHAPTER THREE: RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

3.1   Introduction                                                     36

3.2   Restatement of research questions                   36

3.3   Restatement of research hypotheses                         37   

3.4   Research Design                                              38

3.5   Purpose of research design                               38

3.6   Population of study                                          39

3.7   Sampling design and procedures                      40

3.8   Population characteristics                                41

3.9   Advantages of using random sampling             41

3.10 Data collection instruments                             42

3.11 Pilot test (validity and reliability of test)             42

3.12 Analytical tool                                                  44

3.13 Limitations of methodology                              44

        References                                                       45 

 

CHAPTER FOUR: DATA PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION

4.1   Introduction                                                     46

4.2   Analysis of questionnaires administered

and returned                                                    46

4.3   Personal questions to the respondents              46 

4.4   Hypothesis testing                                            50

4.5   Hypothesis one                                                 50 

4.6   Hypothesis two                                                 51

4.7   Hypothesis three                                              53

4.8   Hypothesis four                                                54

4.9   Other results from respondents                        56

4.10 Summary of hypotheses tested                         64

 

CHAPTER FIVE: SUMMARY OF FINDING, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION

5.1   Introduction                                                     66

5.2   Summary of findings                                        66 

5.3   Conclusion                                                       68

5.4   Recommendations                                            68 

        Bibliography                                                    72 

Appendix I                                                        74  

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 


CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

Migration is a universal phenomenon. It had been a daily routine from time immemorial till this present time. Migration is the movement of individual or group from one location to the other. Rural-migration is the movement of individual group of people from one country–side to a particular geographical rural /urban area (Della Summers 2000).

 

Previous research as documented the devastating effect of out-migration on rural communities. In this process, young highly skilled migrants leave rural area that offer little opportunity, migrating to urban and suburban areas. Their out migration leaves behind an older, less educated and low skilled community that struggles to meet increased social-service needs with shrinking tax base (Cushing, 2000). The migration pattern of the poor, coupled with the out-migration of the non-poor, exacerbated poverty rates in poor countries.

 

Nigeria’s concern and desire to do something about rural urban migration stems from the unprecedented rapid growth of the urban population which is believed to had result from the rapid influx of migrants from rural areas. In–migrants are blamed for swelling population for beyond the towns economic capacity thus, creating urban problems such as unemployment successive Nigerian government have planned and executed several projects ranging from farm settlements in rural areas to development of new, smaller, satellite towns to divert migration from the more crowded, large towns (Markiwa, 2004).

 

1.2      STATEMENT OF PROBLEMS  

Migration is an inevitable phenomenon. It has negative and positive impact on both rural and urban communities. The migrants from the rural communities posses lot of problems on the urban communities. Most of these problems are:

  1. Congestion in population: Due to over concentration of people in a particular area which create problem for the government to execute its plan effectively for its residents or citizens of a particular area.
  2. Poverty: Over concentration of migrants in a particular local area without proper documentation or records from government can reduce the standard of living of the people because there is increase in the population against government plans.
  3. Crime: Migrants who leave their homes hoping to get a good job in other communities ends up being disappointed as a result of unemployment and at the end get involve in one criminal activities or the other, in other to make ends meet.
  4. Illiteracy: Migration is also a bane to educational system. School age migrants who migrate to another community posed problem to their education in the sense that the facilities might not be able to accommodate more population of students–migrants who are aspiring to further their educational carrier.

 

1.3   OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY    

  1. To examine the impact of rural migration on community development.
  2. To examine the relationship between rural migration and illiteracy in the community.
  3. To examine the effect of crime on community development.
  4. To examine the relationship between rural migration and poverty level in the community.
  5. To make appropriate suggestions.

1.4   RESEARCH QUESTION 

  1. Why do people migrate to a particular community?
  2. What is the effect of migrants on the educational system of the community?
  3. Is crime a bane of community development?
  4. Is migration a determinant factor of poverty

 

1.5   RESEARCH HYPOTHESES

1.     HO:   There is no significant relationship between rural     migration and community development.

HI:    There is a significant relationship between rural       migration and community development.

2.     HO:   That rural migration is not a determinant of poverty

Manifestation in community development.

HI:    That rural migration is a determinant of poverty       manifestation in the community.

3.     HO:   There is no relationship between over population of                  migrants and level of illiteracy.

HI:    That there is a relationship between over population of

migrants and level of illiteracy.

4.     HO:   There is no significant relationship between      unemployment of migrants and increase in crime         activities in the community.

HI:    There is a significant relationship between        unemployment of migrants and increase in crime         activities in the community.

 

1.6   DEFINITION OF TERMS

Impact: The effect or influence that an event situation etc has on     someone or something.

Rural: A place far from the city, with a natural environment.

Migration: It is the movement from a particular location to another.       

Community: A group of people who share the same nationality or religion or who are similar in another way.

Development: The gradual growth of something, so that it becomes bigger or more advanced.

Theory: It is a reasonable or scientifically acceptable explanation for a fact or event which is yet to be proven true.

 

 

Model: Fred Riggs asserted that models are constructs purely hypothetical, ideal type abstracted from observed realities and useful as tools of analysis to significant phenomena and relationships.

 

1.7   LIMITATION OF THE STUDY

It must be clearly stated here that absolute proof or perfection is not possible and for the purpose of this study the following limitations are imminent.

  • Time constraint
  • Financial constraint
  • Under the sampling method, since the whole population is not selected, there is a possibility of inaccuracy
  • The method of data collection selected, questionnaire is subjected to too much individual biases

 

1.8   ORGANIZATION OF THE STUDY

This research work will be carefully arranged in five chapters. Chapter one is the introductory, part and it deals with those aspects such as background of the study, objective, statement of problems, research questions, statement of hypotheses, definition of terms, limitation of the study and organization of the study.

Chapter two focuses on literature review and theoretical framework. Chapter three deals with research methodology which describes population of the study, sample and sampling methods e.t.c. Chapter four focuses on the result of the field investigation through the presentation and interpretation of data and the testing of hypothesis.   Chapter five focuses on the summary, conclusion and recommendations for further research.